Unit 6
Aktif Minda
Projek Data: Kumpulan Aina bertanya kepada 20 orang murid kelas 4 Gemilang:
“Berapakah bilangan adik-beradik kamu?”
Jom ikut langkah mereka!
数据小项目 = projek data
这个活动是真的去收集数据。Aina 的小组访问了另一班的 20 位同学，问他们有几个兄弟姐妹（不算自己）。我们跟着他们做四件事：记录答案、整理成表格、画成条形图、从图里找出资讯。最后你也可以自己做一次。
例子：问朋友“你最喜欢什么水果？”也是一种收集数据。
注意：访问时每个人只记录一次，不要重复。
a data project = projek data
This activity really collects data. Aina's group asked 20 pupils from another class how many brothers and sisters they have (not counting themselves). We follow them through four jobs: record the answers, put them in a table, draw a bar chart, and find information from the chart. At the end you can do it yourself.
Example: asking friends 'What is your favourite fruit?' is also collecting data.
Watch out: record each person only once; do not count anyone twice.
Langkah 1 dan 2
Kumpul dan susun data
Gundalan: 1 ikatan = 5
| Bilangan adik-beradik | Gundalan | Bilangan murid |
|---|---|---|
| 0 | || | 2 |
| 1 | |||| | 5 |
| 2 | |||| | | 6 |
| 3 | |||| | 4 |
| 4 | ||| | 3 |
2 + 5 + 6 + 4 + 3 = 20 ✔
记录和整理 = kumpul dan susun
访问时，每听到一个答案，就在那一行画一条短线，这叫划记（gundalan）；画满 5 条就捆成一束，方便数。访问完以后，把每一行的划记数出来，写成数字。最后把全部数字加起来，应该等于访问的人数 20。
例子：划了 7 条，就是一束 5 条加 2 条。
注意：总数对不上，就表示有人漏记或记了两次。
collecting and organising = kumpul dan susun
During the survey, each answer gets one short stroke in its row; this is a tally (gundalan), and every 5 strokes are bundled to make counting easy. Afterwards, count the tallies in each row and write the numbers. Finally add all the numbers; they should equal the 20 people asked.
Example: 7 strokes is one bundle of 5 plus 2.
Watch out: if the total does not match, someone was missed or counted twice.
Langkah 3
Lukis carta palang
Senggatan 1 · mula dari 0
画条形图 = lukis carta palang
横轴写兄弟姐妹的个数 0、1、2、3、4，纵轴写学生人数。最多的是 6 人，所以刻度每格 1，从 0 画到 6 就够了。照着表格画长条，再写上标题和两条轴的名称。
例子：如果最多有 12 人，刻度可以每格 2。
注意：横轴上的 0 也是一项，表示没有兄弟姐妹，不要漏画。
drawing the bar chart = lukis carta palang
The horizontal axis shows the number of brothers and sisters, 0 to 4, and the vertical axis the number of pupils. The most is 6, so steps of 1 from 0 to 6 are enough. Draw the bars from the table, then add the title and both axis names.
Example: if the most were 12 pupils, steps of 2 would work.
Watch out: 0 on the horizontal axis is a real category (no brothers or sisters); do not leave it out.
Langkah 4 · Tafsir
Berapakah murid yang mempunyai 3 orang adik-beradik?
读一个类别 = baca satu kategori
这张图的横轴是兄弟姐妹的个数，纵轴才是人数。先在横轴找到题目说的那个个数，再看它的长条顶端对着纵轴的哪个数字。
例子：如果“1 个兄弟姐妹”的长条停在 5，就有 5 位同学有 1 个兄弟姐妹。
注意：不要把横轴的数字当成答案。
reading one category = baca satu kategori
On this chart the horizontal axis is the number of brothers and sisters and the vertical axis is the number of pupils. Find the number from the question on the horizontal axis, then see which number on the vertical axis the top of its bar reaches.
Example: if the bar for '1 sibling' stops at 5, then 5 pupils have 1 sibling.
Watch out: do not give the number on the horizontal axis as the answer.
Langkah 4 · Tafsir
Kebanyakan murid mempunyai berapa orang adik-beradik?
最多人的类别 = kategori paling ramai
这一次问的是“大部分同学有几个兄弟姐妹”，答案在横轴上：先找最高的长条，再看它下面写的个数。
例子：如果最高的长条在“3”上面，大部分同学有 3 个兄弟姐妹。
注意：这一题的答案是横轴的标签，不是长条的高度。
the most common category = kategori paling ramai
This time the question asks how many siblings most pupils have, so the answer is on the horizontal axis: find the tallest bar and read the number written under it.
Example: if the tallest bar is above '3', most pupils have 3 siblings.
Watch out: here the answer is the label on the horizontal axis, not the height of the bar.
Langkah 4 · Tafsir
Berapakah murid yang mempunyai lebih daripada 2 orang adik-beradik?
“多于”的类别 = lebih daripada
“多于 2 个”不包括 2，只包括比 2 大的类别。先在横轴找出这些类别，读出它们的人数，再加起来。
例子：“少于 2 个”就是 0 和 1 两个类别的人数加起来。
注意：不要把 2 那一条也加进去。
categories 'more than' = lebih daripada
'More than 2' does not include 2, only the categories bigger than 2. Find those categories on the horizontal axis, read their numbers of pupils, and add them.
Example: 'fewer than 2' means adding the pupils in the 0 and 1 categories.
Watch out: do not add the bar for 2 as well.
Ringkasan
Syabas!
Kini giliranmu!
Tanya 10 orang rakan atau ahli keluarga satu soalan. Catat dengan gundalan, susun dalam jadual, lukis carta palang, dan tulis 3 maklumat.
Latihan tambahan →