Unit 5

Selesaikan Masalah

Data dalam piktograf dan carta palang boleh digunakan untuk menyelesaikan masalah.
① Fahami soalan ② Fikir cara ③ Selesaikan ④ Semak

用统计图解决问题 = selesaikan masalah data 这一课用统计图里的数据来解决问题，还是用四个步骤：读懂题目、想办法、计算、检查。会遇到三种题：象形图少了一行，要推出要补画几个符号；从条形图算某一项占全部的百分之几；把几个数据加起来，判断有没有达到目标。例子：全班 30 人，图上已经画了 26 人，还缺 4 人。注意：象形图的符号数和真正的数量不一样，要用图示换算。

solving problems with charts = selesaikan masalah data This lesson uses the data in charts to solve problems, still with four steps: understand, plan, calculate, check. There are three kinds: a pictograph with a row missing, where you work out how many symbols to draw; finding what percentage one item in a bar chart is of the whole; and adding data to decide whether a target is reached. Example: a class has 30 pupils and the chart already shows 26, so 4 are missing. Watch out: in a pictograph the number of symbols is not the real amount; use the key to convert.

Piktograf tidak lengkap

Berapa simbol untuk Selasa?

Roti yang dijual oleh Kedai Mesra

Isnin
Selasa	?
Rabu
Khamis

mewakili 20 buku roti

Jumlah roti dalam 4 hari ialah 240 buku. Berapakah simbol yang perlu dilukis untuk hari Selasa?

Fahami soalan

• jumlah 240
• 1 simbol = 20

Fikir cara

Cari roti hari lain, tolak daripada jumlah, bahagi 20.

Selesaikan

(3 + 4 + 2) × 20 = 180
240 − 180 = 60
60 ÷ 20 = 3 simbol

Semak

180 + 60 = 240 ✔

补画符号 = lengkapkan piktograf 先读懂：四天一共卖了 240 个面包，星期二那一行空着。想办法：先算出其余三天卖了多少，再用总数减去，就是星期二的数量；最后除以图示的 20，才是要画的符号数。计算：9 个符号 × 20 = 180，240 − 180 = 60，60 ÷ 20 = 3 个。检查：180 + 60 = 240。例子：总数 100，其余三天 70，缺的那天 30；如果一个符号代表 10，画 3 个。注意：算出 60 以后不能直接画 60 个符号，要再除以图示。

completing a pictograph = lengkapkan piktograf Understand: 240 loaves were sold in four days and Tuesday's row is empty. Plan: work out the other three days, subtract from the total to get Tuesday, then divide by the key's 20 to get the number of symbols. Calculate: 9 symbols × 20 = 180, 240 − 180 = 60, 60 ÷ 20 = 3. Check: 180 + 60 = 240. Example: total 100, other days 70, missing day 30; with one symbol worth 10, draw 3. Watch out: after finding 60, do not draw 60 symbols; divide by the key first.

Peratus

Undian makanan kegemaran

Berapakah peratus murid yang memilih nasi lemak?

Fahami soalan

• baca setiap palang
• cari jumlah

Fikir cara

peratus = nilai per jumlah, jadikan per 100

Selesaikan

40 + 25 + 20 + 15 = 100
40 per 100 = 40%

Semak

40% + 25% + 20% + 15% = 100% ✔

从条形图求百分比 = peratus daripada carta palang 先读出每个长条的数值，再全部加起来得到总数：40 + 25 + 20 + 15 = 100。椰浆饭 40 票，就是 100 票里有 40 票，写成 40/100，也就是 40%。检查：四项的百分比加起来应该是 100%。例子：总数 50 里有 10，是 10/50 = 20/100 = 20%。注意：总数不一定刚好是 100，不是 100 时要先把分母变成 100。

a percentage from a bar chart = peratus daripada carta palang Read each bar's value and add them for the total: 40 + 25 + 20 + 15 = 100. Nasi lemak has 40 votes, which is 40 out of 100, written 40/100, or 40%. Check: the four percentages should add up to 100%. Example: 10 out of a total of 50 is 10/50 = 20/100 = 20%. Watch out: the total is not always exactly 100; when it is not, change the denominator to 100 first.

Capai sasaran?

Lebih daripada 45 mata

Pasukan perlu lebih daripada 45 mata untuk memenangi hadiah. Adakah Pasukan Merah menang?

Fahami soalan

• 3 pusingan
• sasaran: lebih daripada 45

Fikir cara

Jumlahkan mata, banding dengan 45.

Selesaikan

12 + 16 + 14 = 42
42 < 45 → tidak menang

Semak

45 − 42 = 3 · perlu sekurang-kurangnya 4 mata lagi ✔

判断是否达标 = capai sasaran 先读懂“多于 45 分”是什么意思：刚好 45 分还不够，要 46 分或以上。读出三轮的分数，加起来是 42 分，比 45 少，所以没有达标。还可以想想：至少还要多几分才能达标？46 − 42 = 4 分。例子：目标“至少 30 分”，刚好 30 分就算达标。注意：“多于”和“至少”的意思不一样，要看清楚。

reaching a target = capai sasaran First understand 'more than 45 points': exactly 45 is not enough; it must be 46 or more. Read the three rounds and add them: 42 points, less than 45, so the target is not reached. You can also ask how many more points were needed at least: 46 − 42 = 4. Example: for a target of 'at least 30', exactly 30 counts as reaching it. Watch out: 'more than' and 'at least' mean different things; read carefully.

Cuba

Jumlah botol yang dikutip ialah 150. Berapakah simbol yang perlu dilukis untuk Kelas B?

Botol kitar semula dikutip

Kelas A
Kelas B	?
Kelas C

mewakili 10 botol

缺的那一行 = baris yang tiada 第一步：用图示算出已知的几行一共多少个。第二步：总数减去它们，得到缺的那一行的真正数量。第三步：再除以一个符号代表的数值，才是要画的符号数。例子：总数 80，已知两行共 50，缺 30；一个符号代表 5，画 6 个。注意：第二步得到的是数量，不是符号数。

the missing row = baris yang tiada Step 1: use the key to find how many the known rows show altogether. Step 2: subtract that from the total to get the real amount for the missing row. Step 3: divide by the value of one symbol to get the number of symbols to draw. Example: total 80, known rows 50, missing 30; with each symbol worth 5, draw 6. Watch out: step 2 gives an amount, not a number of symbols.

Cuba

Berapakah peratus murid yang memilih roti canai?

求某一项的百分比 = peratus satu item 先读出这一项的数值，再算出所有长条的总数。把这一项写在分子、总数写在分母，分母是 100 时，分子就是百分比。例子：100 票里有 35 票是 35%。注意：读刻度时看准每一格是多少。

the percentage of one item = peratus satu item Read this item's value, then find the total of all the bars. Put this item over the total; when the denominator is 100, the numerator is the percentage. Example: 35 votes out of 100 is 35%. Watch out: check how much each step of the scale is worth when reading.

Cuba

Pasukan perlu lebih daripada 45 mata untuk menang. Adakah Pasukan Biru menang?

加总再比较 = jumlah dan banding 先读出每一轮的分数（看清楚刻度每格几分），再全部加起来，最后和目标比较：要“多于”目标才算赢。例子：总分 52，目标多于 50，赢了。注意：刚好等于目标，不算“多于”。

add up and compare = jumlah dan banding Read each round's points (check how many points each step is worth), add them all, and compare with the target: it must be more than the target to win. Example: a total of 52 with a target of more than 50 wins. Watch out: exactly equal to the target is not 'more than'.

Ringkasan

Syabas!

4 langkah dengan data

Piktograf: jumlah − yang diketahui, kemudian ÷ petunjuk. Peratus: nilai per jumlah. Sasaran: jumlahkan dan banding.

Latihan tambahan →