Tafsir Piktograf dan Carta Palang

读象形图 = baca piktograf 先看底下的图示：一个圆圈代表 10 条鱼。然后数每一行有几个圆圈，再乘以 10。星期一 4 个圆圈，就是 4 × 10 = 40 条；星期二 7 个圆圈，就是 70 条。 例子：如果一个符号代表 5，3 个符号就是 15。 注意：只数符号、不乘图示的数值，是最常见的错误。

reading a pictograph = baca piktograf First read the key at the bottom: one circle stands for 10 fish. Then count the circles in each row and multiply by 10. Monday has 4 circles, so 4 × 10 = 40 fish; Tuesday has 7 circles, so 70 fish. Example: if one symbol stands for 5, then 3 symbols mean 15. Watch out: counting the symbols without multiplying by the key is the most common mistake.

比较 = bandingkan 符号最多的那一行数量最多，符号最少的那一行数量最少。要算两天相差多少，先把两天的数量都算出来，再用大的减小的：70 − 30 = 40 条。也可以先数相差几个符号（4 个），再乘以 10。 例子：一行 5 个符号、一行 2 个，每个代表 4，相差 3 × 4 = 12。 注意：相差用减法，不是加法。

comparing = bandingkan The row with the most symbols has the biggest amount and the row with the fewest has the smallest. To find the difference between two days, work out both amounts and subtract the smaller from the bigger: 70 − 30 = 40 fish. You can also count the difference in symbols (4) and multiply by 10. Example: rows of 5 and 2 symbols, each worth 4, differ by 3 × 4 = 12. Watch out: a difference uses subtraction, not addition.

总数和百分比 = jumlah dan peratus 总数就是把每一天的数量加起来：40 + 70 + 30 + 60 = 200 条。要知道星期一占全部的百分之几，就看“200 条里有 40 条”，写成 40/200，再把分母变成 100：分子分母都除以 2，得到 20/100，就是 20%。 例子：50 个里有 10 个，是 10/50 = 20/100 = 20%。 注意：百分比的分母要用总数，不是用某一天的数量。

total and percentage = jumlah dan peratus The total is all the days added: 40 + 70 + 30 + 60 = 200 fish. To find what percentage Monday is, think '40 out of 200', write 40/200, and make the denominator 100 by dividing top and bottom by 2: 20/100, which is 20%. Example: 10 out of 50 is 10/50 = 20/100 = 20%. Watch out: the denominator of the percentage is the total, not one day's amount.

读条形图 = baca carta palang 看每个长条的顶端，横着对过去，读出纵轴上的刻度数字。先看清楚刻度：这张图从 0 开始，每一格是 5，所以每一条刻度线都写着 5 的倍数。童军的长条刚好停在写着 45 的那条线上，所以是 45。读完再比较：足球的长条最高，人数最多。 例子：每格 10 的刻度上，长条停在写着 30 的线上，就是 30。 注意：读数前先看每一格代表多少，不要以为每一格都是 10。

reading a bar chart = baca carta palang Look at the top of each bar, follow it across, and read the number on the vertical scale. Check the scale first: it starts at 0 and each step is 5, so every scale line is labelled with a multiple of 5. The scouts' bar ends exactly on the line labelled 45, so it is 45. Then compare: the football bar is tallest, so it has the most pupils. Example: on a scale with steps of 10, a bar ending on the line labelled 30 is 30. Watch out: before reading, check how much each step stands for; do not assume every step is 10.

符号乘图示 = simbol × petunjuk 找到星期四那一行，数一数有几个圆圈，再看图示一个圆圈代表几条鱼，两个数相乘。 例子：一行 3 个符号，每个代表 10，就是 30。 注意：答案是鱼的数量，不是圆圈的数量。

symbols times key = simbol × petunjuk Find Thursday's row, count its circles, check how many fish one circle stands for in the key, and multiply the two numbers. Example: a row of 3 symbols, each worth 10, means 30. Watch out: the answer is the number of fish, not the number of circles.

求相差 = cari beza 先算出两天各有多少条鱼（符号数乘以图示），再用大的减小的。也可以先数相差几个符号，再乘以图示的数值。 例子：一天 50、一天 20，相差 30。 注意：不要把两天加起来。

finding the difference = cari beza Work out how many fish each day had (symbols × key), then subtract the smaller from the bigger. Or count how many more symbols one row has and multiply by the key's value. Example: one day 50 and another 20 differ by 30. Watch out: do not add the two days.

两项的总数 = jumlah dua kelab 先找到两个长条，从每个长条的顶端横着对到纵轴，读出数值；这张图每一格是 5。再把两个数加起来。 例子：一个 35、一个 15，总数 50。 注意：读刻度时用尺子横着对齐，才不会读错一格。

total of two items = jumlah dua kelab Find the two bars, follow the top of each across to the vertical axis and read its value; each step on this chart is 5. Then add the two numbers. Example: 35 and 15 make 50. Watch out: hold a ruler level when reading the scale so you do not read one step off.

求百分比 = cari peratus 第一步：把四天的数量全部加起来，得到总数。第二步：把星期四的数量写在分子、总数写在分母。第三步：把分母变成 100，分子就是百分比。 例子：100 里有 25，是 25%；200 里有 50，是 25/100，也是 25%。 注意：分母一定是总数。

finding a percentage = cari peratus Step 1: add all four days to get the total. Step 2: write Thursday's amount as the numerator and the total as the denominator. Step 3: change the denominator to 100; the numerator is then the percentage. Example: 25 out of 100 is 25%; 50 out of 200 is 25/100, also 25%. Watch out: the denominator is always the total.