Garis Selari dan Garis Serenjang

平行线 = garis selari 两条直线之间的垂直距离到处都一样，而且不论延长多远都不相交，就是平行线。图中三条红色虚线都量出同样的距离，所以两条蓝线平行。平行线不一定是横的，斜的也可以平行。 例子：篮球场两条相对的边线、百叶窗一片片的叶片，都是平行线。 注意：只看一小段不相交还不够，延长后会相交的线不是平行线。

parallel lines = garis selari Two straight lines whose perpendicular distance is the same everywhere, and which never meet however far they are extended, are parallel. The three red dashed segments all measure the same distance, so the two blue lines are parallel. Parallel lines need not be horizontal; slanting lines can be parallel too. Example: the two opposite side lines of a basketball court and the slats of a window blind are parallel. Watch out: not meeting along a short piece is not enough; lines that would meet when extended are not parallel.

垂直线 = garis serenjang 两条直线相交，而且相交成直角，就叫互相垂直。图中 p 和 q 相交的地方有红色小方块，表示那是直角。只要有一个角是直角，交点四周的四个角都是直角。 例子：旗杆笔直地插在平地上，旗杆和地面互相垂直。 注意：两条线相交但角是斜的，不是垂直线。

perpendicular lines = garis serenjang Two straight lines that cross at a right angle are perpendicular. Where p and q cross there is a small red square, showing a right angle. If one angle at the crossing is a right angle, all four angles around it are right angles. Example: a flagpole standing straight on flat ground is perpendicular to the ground. Watch out: lines that cross at a slanting angle are not perpendicular.

画平行线和垂直线 = melukis garis selari dan serenjang 画平行线：把尺子放好不要移动，用铅笔沿着尺子上边画一条线，再沿着下边画一条线，因为尺子两边的宽度处处一样，两条线就平行。画垂直线：先画一条横线，再把书本的直角对准这条线，书的一条边贴着横线，然后沿着书的竖边画线，就得到直角。 例子：用三角尺的直角也可以画垂直线。 注意：画线时按稳尺子或书本，否则线会歪。

drawing parallel and perpendicular lines = melukis garis selari dan serenjang For parallel lines, hold a ruler still and draw along its top edge, then along its bottom edge; the ruler is equally wide everywhere, so the two lines are parallel. For perpendicular lines, first draw a horizontal line, then place the corner of a book on it with one edge along the line, and draw along the book's upright edge to make a right angle. Example: the right-angle corner of a set square can also be used. Watch out: hold the ruler or book firmly while drawing, or the line will slant.

判断平行线 = semak garis selari 每幅图里都有黑线 PQ 和一条蓝线。判断方法：在左端和右端各量一次蓝线到 PQ 的距离，两端距离一样、而且两条线不相交，才是平行线。量的时候尺子要垂直地放。 例子：教室墙上贴着两条彩带，左右两端离地面都是 1 m，这两条彩带就和地面线平行。 注意：三幅图都要量一量再决定。

checking parallel lines = semak garis selari Each picture has the black line PQ and a blue line. To decide, measure the gap from the blue line to PQ at the left end and at the right end; only if both gaps are equal and the lines do not cross are they parallel. Hold the ruler straight across when measuring. Example: a paper streamer on a classroom wall that is 1 m above the floor at both ends is parallel to the floor line. Watch out: measure in all three pictures before deciding.

找垂直线 = cari garis serenjang 和 k 垂直的线，要和 k 相交，而且交点上的角是直角。可以把书本的角放在每一个交点上，一条边贴着 k，看另一条边是不是刚好贴着那条线。 例子：门框的竖边和门槛相交成直角，两者互相垂直。 注意：判断时看交点的角，不看线画得多长。

finding a perpendicular line = cari garis serenjang A line perpendicular to k must cross k, and the angle at the crossing must be a right angle. Place the corner of a book at each crossing with one edge along k and see whether the other edge lies exactly along that line. Example: the upright side of a door frame meets the threshold at a right angle, so they are perpendicular. Watch out: judge by the angle at the crossing, not by how long the lines are drawn.

长方形里的垂直边 = sisi serenjang dalam segi empat tepat 互相垂直的两条边，会在一个顶点相交成直角。先在图上找到题目说的那条边，再看图上的直角记号，找出和它在顶点相交成直角的边。 例子：直角三角形 PQR 的直角在 Q，所以 PQ 和 QR 互相垂直。 注意：三条边每一条都要检查，再按 Semak。

perpendicular sides in a rectangle = sisi serenjang dalam segi empat tepat Two perpendicular sides meet at a vertex and form a right angle. Find the given side in the picture, then use the right-angle marks to find the sides that meet it at a vertex at a right angle. Example: in the right-angled triangle PQR the right angle is at Q, so PQ and QR are perpendicular. Watch out: check each of the three sides before pressing Semak.

地图上的平行路 = jalan selari dalam peta 把每条路当成一条直线。和指定的路平行的路，不会和它相交，而且两条路之间的距离从头到尾一样。先找出所有和指定的路相交的路，把它们排除，剩下的再检查距离。 例子：两条都由东向西、互相不相交、距离不变的路，是平行的。 注意：垂直相交的路是垂直，不是平行。

parallel roads on a map = jalan selari dalam peta Treat each road as a straight line. A road parallel to the given one never crosses it, and the distance between them stays the same from end to end. First find all the roads that cross the given road and rule them out, then check the distance for what is left. Example: two roads that both run east to west, never meet and stay the same distance apart are parallel. Watch out: roads that cross at a right angle are perpendicular, not parallel.

地图上的垂直路 = jalan serenjang dalam peta 把每条路看成一条直线。和指定的路垂直的路，一定和它相交，而且在路口形成直角。可以把书本的角放在每个路口上比一比，看两条路是不是刚好贴着书角的两条边。 例子：十字路口的两条路如果交成像书角一样的角，这两条路就互相垂直。 注意：判断时看路口的角，不看路名或路的长短。

perpendicular roads on a map = jalan serenjang dalam peta Treat each road as a straight line. A road perpendicular to the given one must cross it and make a right angle at the junction. Put the corner of a book on each junction and see whether the two roads lie exactly along its two edges. Example: at a crossroads, if the two roads meet at an angle like a book corner, they are perpendicular. Watch out: judge by the angle at the junction, not by the road names or lengths.