Unit 19
Maju Minda
Maju Minda
Ulang kaji semua kemahiran dalam bab Panjang, Jisim dan Isi Padu Cecair.
Jawab setiap soalan. Jika salah, baca petunjuk dan cuba lagi.
综合复习 = Maju Minda
这是第五章的总复习，内容包括：选合适的长度单位、用尺量长度、估计距离、厘米和毫米、公里和米的换算，长度的加减乘除，还有质量和容量的混合运算和应用题。每一题答错都会出现提示，可以再试。
例子：一道题可能要先把公里化成米，才能相减。
注意：进位和借位要看单位：十毫米是一厘米，一千米是一公里，一千克是一公斤，一千毫升是一升。
chapter review = Maju Minda
This is the review for Chapter 5. It covers choosing a suitable unit of length, measuring with a ruler, estimating distance, changing between cm and mm and between km and m, adding, subtracting, multiplying and dividing lengths, and mixed calculations and word problems on mass and volume. A wrong answer shows a hint so you can try again.
Example: a question may need kilometres changed into metres before subtracting.
Watch out: regroup by the unit: 10 mm make 1 cm, 1 000 m make 1 km, 1 000 g make 1 kg and 1 000 mℓ make 1 ℓ.
Unit panjang
Panjang sebatang klip kertas ialah 32 ___.
选择长度单位 = pilih unit panjang
先想一想这个东西大概有多大：可以放在手心的小东西，用最小的长度单位；两个地方之间很远的路程，才用最大的单位。把数字和单位连起来读一读，看看合不合理。
例子：一粒米的长度大约是 6 毫米，一座城市到另一座城市大约几十公里。
注意：数字一样，单位不同，长度就差很多倍。
choosing a unit of length = pilih unit panjang
First picture how big the object is: something that fits in your palm is measured with the smallest unit of length, while a long journey between two places uses the largest unit. Read the number with the unit and check that it makes sense.
Example: a grain of rice is about 6 millimetres long, and one town is a few tens of kilometres from another.
Watch out: the same number with a different unit can be a very different length.
Unit panjang
Jarak dari Kota Kinabalu ke Sandakan lebih kurang 330 ___.
远距离的单位 = unit untuk jarak jauh
城市和城市之间的距离非常远，坐车要好几个小时。量这么长的距离，要用最大的长度单位；小单位只适合量铅笔、书本这些近在眼前的东西。
例子：从家里走到学校可能是 800 米；从一个州去另一个州可能是几百公里。
注意：想象一下三百三十个“小单位”连起来有多长，就知道哪个单位不合理。
units for long distances = unit untuk jarak jauh
The distance between two cities is very long; a car takes hours to cover it. Such a long distance needs the largest unit of length, while small units suit things right in front of you, like a pencil or a book.
Example: walking from home to school may be 800 metres, while one state to another may be hundreds of kilometres.
Watch out: imagine 330 of a small unit laid end to end to see which unit does not make sense.
Ukur panjang
Berapakah panjang pemadam ini?
读尺子 = baca pembaris
先看物体的左端对着哪一个刻度，再看右端对着哪一个刻度。如果左端不是从零开始，长度就等于右端的读数减去左端的读数。每一小格是一毫米，每十小格有一个数字。
例子：一根牙签从 20 mm 量到 83 mm，长度是 83 − 20 = 63 mm。
注意：不能只读右端的数字，也不能把两端的数字相加。
reading a ruler = baca pembaris
Find the mark at the left end of the object and the mark at the right end. If the left end is not at zero, the length is the right-end reading minus the left-end reading. Each small space is 1 mm, and every ten spaces there is a number.
Example: a toothpick from 20 mm to 83 mm is 83 − 20 = 63 mm long.
Watch out: do not read only the right end, and do not add the two readings.
Anggaran
Anggarkan jarak dari rumah Aina ke sekolah.
估计距离 = anggar jarak
图上已知一小段的真实距离，把它当成“尺子”。看看从起点到终点，大约可以放进几段这样的长度，再用段数乘这一小段的距离，就得到估计值。估计只要合理，不必完全准确。
例子：一段是 5 km，全程大约放得下 3 段 → 大约 15 km。
注意：比较的是图上的长短，不是地名的多少。
estimating distance = anggar jarak
The diagram gives the real distance of one short part; use it as a measuring stick. See about how many of those parts fit from the start to the end, then multiply that number by the short distance to get the estimate. It only needs to be reasonable.
Example: one part is 5 km and about 3 parts fit along the route → about 15 km.
Watch out: compare lengths on the diagram, not the number of places named.
Tukar unit
9 cm 4 mm = ? mm
厘米毫米化毫米 = cm dan mm kepada mm
一厘米是十毫米，所以厘米数乘十，就知道这些厘米有多少毫米；再加上后面的毫米。结果是两位数时，十位来自厘米，个位来自毫米。
例子：6 cm 8 mm = 60 mm + 8 mm = 68 mm。
注意：化成小单位以后数字会变大，可以用“10 mm = 1 cm”倒回去检查。
cm and mm to millimetres = cm dan mm kepada mm
One centimetre is ten millimetres, so multiply the centimetres by 10 to see how many millimetres they make, then add the millimetres. In a two-digit result the tens come from the cm and the ones from the mm.
Example: 6 cm 8 mm = 60 mm + 8 mm = 68 mm.
Watch out: the number gets bigger in the smaller unit; check it backwards with 10 mm = 1 cm.
Tukar unit
34 km = ? m
公里化米 = km kepada m
一公里是一千米，所以把公里数乘一千，就得到米数。乘一千，就是在数的后面添上三个零。
例子：8 km = 8 000 m；13 km = 13 000 m。
注意：化完以后，用“1 000 m = 1 km”倒过来检查一次。
kilometres to metres = km kepada m
One kilometre is 1 000 metres, so multiply the kilometres by 1 000 to get the metres. Multiplying by 1 000 puts three zeros after the number.
Example: 8 km = 8 000 m; 13 km = 13 000 m.
Watch out: check your answer backwards with 1 000 m = 1 km.
Tukar unit
4 007 m = ? km ? m
米化公里和米 = m kepada km dan m
每一千米是一公里。四位数的米，千位上的数字就是公里，后面三位（百位、十位、个位）一起是米，零也要保留。
例子：3 207 m = 3 km 207 m。
注意：后面三位数要整组写成米，不能拆开，也不能丢掉中间的零。
metres to km and m = m kepada km dan m
Every 1 000 metres make one kilometre. In a four-digit number of metres, the thousands digit gives the kilometres and the last three digits together give the metres, zeros included.
Example: 3 207 m = 3 km 207 m.
Watch out: keep the last three digits together as metres, and do not drop a zero in the middle.
Darab panjang
3 × 16 cm 7 mm = ?
长度乘法 = darab panjang
用乘数分别乘毫米和厘米。毫米的积满十，就换成厘米加到厘米栏，毫米栏只留下不满十的部分；厘米的积再加上换来的厘米。
例子：4 × 12 cm 6 mm → 48 cm 24 mm → 50 cm 4 mm。
注意：算完以后，可以把答案化成毫米，再用除法检查。
multiplying length = darab panjang
Multiply the millimetres and the centimetres by the number. If the millimetres reach 10 or more, change every 10 mm into 1 cm in the cm column and keep only the part under ten as mm; then add the carried centimetres.
Example: 4 × 12 cm 6 mm → 48 cm 24 mm → 50 cm 4 mm.
Watch out: when you finish, change the answer into millimetres and check it by dividing.
Tolak panjang
45 km 30 m − 17 km 285 m = ?
距离相减 = tolak jarak
公里和公里、米和米对齐。米只有两位数时，要想成三位数，百位是零。先减米：上面的米比下面少，就向公里借一公里，换成一千米；再减公里，记得公里已经少了一。
例子：30 km 50 m − 12 km 400 m → 29 km 1 050 m − 12 km 400 m → 17 km 650 m。
注意：做完以后，把答案和减数相加，看看是不是回到被减数。
subtracting distances = tolak jarak
Line up km with km and m with m. When the metres have only two digits, think of them as three digits with a zero in the hundreds. Subtract the metres first; if the top metres are fewer, borrow 1 km as 1 000 m, then subtract the kilometres, which are now 1 less.
Example: 30 km 50 m − 12 km 400 m → 29 km 1 050 m − 12 km 400 m → 17 km 650 m.
Watch out: when you finish, add the answer to the number taken away; you should get back the first distance.
Bahagi panjang
31 km 650 m ÷ 5 = ? km ? m
距离除法 = bahagi jarak
先除公里：公里有余数时，余下的公里要化成一千米，和原来的米合起来，再继续除，得到米的部分。也可以一开始就全部化成米再除，最后化回公里和米。
例子：17 km 400 m ÷ 4 → 4 km 余 1 km → 1 400 m ÷ 4 = 350 m → 4 km 350 m。
注意：算完用乘法检查：商乘除数，要回到原来的距离。
dividing distance = bahagi jarak
Divide the kilometres first. If kilometres are left over, change them into metres (1 km = 1 000 m), join them with the metres already there and carry on dividing to find the metres. Or change everything into metres first and change back at the end.
Example: 17 km 400 m ÷ 4 → 4 km remainder 1 km → 1 400 m ÷ 4 = 350 m → 4 km 350 m.
Watch out: check by multiplying: the quotient times the divisor should give the distance you started with.
Tambah panjang
18 cm 6 mm + 47 mm + 9 cm 8 mm = ? cm ? mm
单位不同的长度相加 = tambah panjang yang berlainan unit
三个长度里有一个只用毫米，先把它写成“几厘米几毫米”：十毫米是一厘米。然后厘米对厘米、毫米对毫米相加，毫米满十就进一厘米，毫米栏最后要少于十。
例子：5 cm 7 mm + 36 mm + 2 cm 4 mm → 5 cm 7 mm + 3 cm 6 mm + 2 cm 4 mm = 10 cm 17 mm = 11 cm 7 mm。
注意：加之前先检查每个数的单位，单位要一样才能相加。
adding lengths in different units = tambah panjang yang berlainan unit
One of the three lengths is in millimetres only, so first write it in cm and mm: 10 mm make 1 cm. Then add cm to cm and mm to mm, regrouping every 10 mm as 1 cm, so the mm column ends below ten.
Example: 5 cm 7 mm + 36 mm + 2 cm 4 mm → 5 cm 7 mm + 3 cm 6 mm + 2 cm 4 mm = 10 cm 17 mm = 11 cm 7 mm.
Watch out: check the unit of every length before adding; only the same units can be added.
Jisim
20 kg 150 g − 7 kg 680 g + 3 kg 945 g = ?
质量先减后加 = tolak dahulu, kemudian tambah jisim
从左到右：先做减法，克不够减就向公斤借一千克；再把得到的差加上最后的质量，克满一千就换成一公斤。
例子：12 kg 300 g − 4 kg 800 g + 2 kg 900 g → 7 kg 500 g + 2 kg 900 g → 10 kg 400 g。
注意：借位后公斤栏少一，进位后公斤栏多一，两处都要记得。
subtract, then add mass = tolak dahulu, kemudian tambah jisim
Work from left to right: take the second mass from the first, borrowing 1 000 g from the kilograms if the grams are not enough; then add the third mass to that result, changing 1 000 g into 1 kg when the grams reach it.
Example: 12 kg 300 g − 4 kg 800 g + 2 kg 900 g → 7 kg 500 g + 2 kg 900 g → 10 kg 400 g.
Watch out: a borrow makes the kg column 1 less and a regroup makes it 1 more; remember both.
Jisim
25 kg 200 g ÷ 6 × 5 = ?
质量除乘混合 = bahagi dan darab jisim
先把公斤和克化成克：公斤乘一千，加上克。按次序先除后乘，得到的克数再化回公斤和克：每一千克是一公斤。如果刚好是一千的倍数，答案只写公斤。
例子：9 kg 600 g ÷ 4 × 3 → 9 600 ÷ 4 = 2 400 → 2 400 × 3 = 7 200 g = 7 kg 200 g。
注意：每一步算完都写上单位克，最后才化回公斤。
dividing and multiplying mass = bahagi dan darab jisim
Change the kilograms and grams into grams first: kg × 1 000, plus the g. Divide, then multiply, in order, and change the grams back: every 1 000 g is 1 kg. If the result is a whole number of thousands, write it in kilograms only.
Example: 9 kg 600 g ÷ 4 × 3 → 9 600 ÷ 4 = 2 400 → 2 400 × 3 = 7 200 g = 7 kg 200 g.
Watch out: write grams after every step and change back to kilograms only at the end.
Isi padu
40 ℓ − 12 ℓ 365 mℓ − 9 ℓ 870 mℓ = ?
容量连减 = tolak isi padu berturut-turut
分两步从左到右减。整升的毫升栏是零，第一步就要向升借一升，换成一千毫升；第二步用剩下的再减最后一个容量，毫升不够减又要借。
例子：30 ℓ − 8 ℓ 400 mℓ − 5 ℓ 700 mℓ → 21 ℓ 600 mℓ − 5 ℓ 700 mℓ → 15 ℓ 900 mℓ。
注意：每借一次，升栏都要少一。
subtracting volume twice = tolak isi padu berturut-turut
Subtract in two steps from left to right. Whole litres have 0 in the mℓ column, so the first step borrows 1 ℓ as 1 000 mℓ; the second step takes the last volume from what is left, borrowing again if the mℓ are not enough.
Example: 30 ℓ − 8 ℓ 400 mℓ − 5 ℓ 700 mℓ → 21 ℓ 600 mℓ − 5 ℓ 700 mℓ → 15 ℓ 900 mℓ.
Watch out: every borrow makes the litres column 1 less.
Isi padu
14 ℓ 400 mℓ ÷ 6 × 4 = ? mℓ
容量除乘 = bahagi dan darab isi padu
把升和毫升化成毫升，然后按次序：先除，得到一份；再乘，得到几份。题目要毫升，所以结果直接写毫升。
例子：7 ℓ 500 mℓ ÷ 5 × 2 → 7 500 ÷ 5 = 1 500 → 1 500 × 2 = 3 000 mℓ。
注意：化成毫升时一升是一千毫升，零的个数要数清楚。
dividing and multiplying volume = bahagi dan darab isi padu
Change the litres and millilitres into millilitres, then work in order: divide for one share and multiply for several shares. The question wants millilitres, so write the result in mℓ.
Example: 7 ℓ 500 mℓ ÷ 5 × 2 → 7 500 ÷ 5 = 1 500 → 1 500 × 2 = 3 000 mℓ.
Watch out: 1 ℓ is 1 000 mℓ, so count the zeros carefully when converting.
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