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比较再求和 = lebih panjang, kemudian jumlah “长多少”表示尺比铅笔多出一段，所以先用加法求出尺的长度。题目要两样东西的总长，还要再加上铅笔。可以先都化成毫米：厘米乘十再加毫米，这样只用一种单位计算。 例子：橡皮 3 cm 5 mm，盒子比橡皮长 6 cm 5 mm → 盒子 100 mm，两样一共 135 mm。 注意：“比……长”是在原来的长度上加，“比……短”才是减。

longer than, then the total = lebih panjang, kemudian jumlah 'Longer than' means the ruler is the pencil plus an extra piece, so add to find the ruler's length first. The question wants both lengths together, so add the pencil again. It helps to change everything into millimetres (cm × 10, plus the mm) and work in one unit. Example: an eraser of 3 cm 5 mm and a box 6 cm 5 mm longer → the box is 100 mm, and together they are 135 mm. Watch out: 'longer than' adds to the first length; 'shorter than' takes away.

剩下的质量 = jisim yang tinggal 先求一包面的质量：总质量化成克，再除以包数。煮了几包，剩下的包数就是总包数减去煮掉的包数。剩下的质量等于一包的质量乘剩下的包数。也可以先求煮掉的质量，再用总质量减去它。 例子：6 包共 1 260 g，吃了 2 包 → 一包 210 g，剩 4 包 = 840 g。 注意：质量要先化成克，除的时候才不会出错。

mass left over = jisim yang tinggal First find one packet: change the total mass into grams and divide by the number of packets. The packets left are the total packets minus those cooked. The mass left is one packet's mass × the packets left. Or find the mass cooked and subtract it from the total. Example: 6 packets weigh 1 260 g and 2 are eaten → one packet is 210 g, 4 remain = 840 g. Watch out: change the mass into grams first so the division goes smoothly.

先乘后减 = darab, kemudian tolak 第一步求买来的总量：每瓶的容量乘瓶数，毫升满一千进一升。第二步求剩下的：总量减去用掉的，毫升不够减就向升借一千毫升。 例子：3 瓶，每瓶 2 ℓ 500 mℓ，用了 4 ℓ 900 mℓ → 7 ℓ 500 mℓ − 4 ℓ 900 mℓ = 2 ℓ 600 mℓ。 注意：不要用一瓶的容量去减用掉的量。

multiply, then subtract = darab, kemudian tolak Step 1 finds how much was bought: one bottle's volume × the number of bottles, regrouping 1 000 mℓ as 1 ℓ. Step 2 finds what is left: the total minus what was used, borrowing 1 000 mℓ from the litres when needed. Example: 3 bottles of 2 ℓ 500 mℓ, 4 ℓ 900 mℓ used → 7 ℓ 500 mℓ − 4 ℓ 900 mℓ = 2 ℓ 600 mℓ. Watch out: do not subtract what was used from just one bottle.

单程变往返 = sehala kepada dua hala 每天要去学校也要回家，所以一天走的是单程的两倍；一星期上五天，再乘五。也可以直接乘十。米的积满一千就进公里。 例子：单程 4 km 150 m，每星期 3 天 → 4 km 150 m × 2 × 3 = 24 km 900 m。 注意：先想清楚“一天”走了几趟，再乘天数。

one way to two ways = sehala kepada dua hala Each day he goes to school and comes home, so one day is twice the one-way distance; five school days means × 5 as well. You can also multiply by 10 at once. Regroup every 1 000 m as 1 km. Example: one way 4 km 150 m, 3 days a week → 4 km 150 m × 2 × 3 = 24 km 900 m. Watch out: work out how many trips make one day before multiplying by the days.

看个位试一试 = cuba jaya dengan nilai sa 总和的个位是五，所以三个容量的个位加起来要是五或十五。先把四个个位写出来，找出所有个位和是五或十五的三瓶组合；再把这些组合真正加起来，只有总和完全相同的才对。 例子：从 132、214、321、243 选三个凑 667：个位 2、4、1、3，4 + 1 + 2 = 7 → 214 + 321 + 132 = 667。 注意：个位对了不一定整个数对，一定要加起来检查。

guess and check with the ones digit = cuba jaya dengan nilai sa The total ends in 5, so the ones digits of the three bottles must add to 5 or 15. Write the four ones digits, find every group of three whose digits add to 5 or 15, then add those groups fully; only the one with exactly the same total is right. Example: choose three of 132, 214, 321 and 243 to make 667: the ones digits are 2, 4, 1, 3, and 4 + 1 + 2 = 7, so 214 + 321 + 132 = 667. Watch out: a matching ones digit does not prove the whole sum; always add to check.

连续比较 = perbandingan berturut-turut 表里只有最上面一行书包的质量是直接给的，下面的书包都是“比前一个多或少多少”。要一个一个往下求：先找出中间那一行的书包，“少”就用减法；再用它的质量求最后一行的书包，“多”就用加法。克和克、公斤和公斤对齐，不够减要借一公斤。 例子：A 3 kg 200 g，B 比 A 少 900 g → B = 2 kg 300 g；C 比 B 多 1 kg 450 g → C = 3 kg 750 g。 注意：每一行要和它说的那一个书包比较，不是都和最上面的书包比较。

comparing step by step = perbandingan berturut-turut Only the first bag's mass is given directly; each other bag is described as more or less than the bag before it. Work down one row at a time: find the second bag first, subtracting for 'kurang daripada'; then use the second bag's mass to find the third, adding for 'lebih daripada'. Line up kg with kg and g with g, borrowing 1 kg when needed. Example: A is 3 kg 200 g; B is 900 g less than A → B = 2 kg 300 g; C is 1 kg 450 g more than B → C = 3 kg 750 g. Watch out: compare each row with the bag it names, not always with the top bag.