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三项相加 = tambah tiga ukuran 三条手链的长度都用厘米和毫米表示，求一共多长就用加法。毫米和毫米加：六加九加八等于二十三毫米，满十毫米进一厘米，二十三毫米是两厘米三毫米；厘米和厘米加：三十四加二十七加四十一等于一百零二，再加进来的两厘米，一共一百零四厘米。检查时从总长度依次减去两条，应该剩下第三条。 例子：12 cm 7 mm + 5 cm 6 mm + 3 cm 9 mm → 20 cm 22 mm → 22 cm 2 mm。 注意：毫米栏满十就要进位，最后毫米要小于十。

adding three lengths = tambah tiga ukuran The three necklaces are measured in cm and mm, and 'altogether' means add. Millimetres: 6 + 9 + 8 = 23 mm; every 10 mm make 1 cm, so 23 mm is 2 cm 3 mm. Centimetres: 34 + 27 + 41 = 102, plus the 2 cm carried makes 104 cm. To check, take two of the lengths away from the total; the third should be left. Example: 12 cm 7 mm + 5 cm 6 mm + 3 cm 9 mm → 20 cm 22 mm → 22 cm 2 mm. Watch out: regroup whenever the mm column reaches 10; the mm left must be less than 10.

画条形图求一段 = model bar 条形图的整条是整条跑步路线，分成两段：已经跑过的一段知道，还要跑的一段不知道。整条减去已知的一段，就是另一段，所以用减法。米不够减：三百五十米减八百七十五米不够，向公里借一公里，一千三百五十米减八百七十五米得四百七十五米；公里二十减十三得七。检查：两段相加，米满一千进一公里，应该等于全程。 例子：全程 15 km 200 m，已走 9 km 600 m → 还要走 5 km 600 m。 注意：借了一公里，公里栏要少一。

a bar model for one part = model bar The whole bar is the whole running route, split into two parts: the part already run is known and the part still to run is not. The whole minus the known part gives the other part, so subtract. 350 m cannot take away 875 m, so borrow 1 km: 1 350 − 875 = 475 m, and 20 − 13 = 7 km. Check by adding the two parts, regrouping 1 000 m as 1 km; the sum should equal the whole route. Example: whole route 15 km 200 m, 9 km 600 m already walked → 5 km 600 m still to go. Watch out: after borrowing 1 km, the km column is 1 less.

试一试 = kaedah cuba jaya 四种果汁里选三种，合起来要刚好一千零九十毫升。与其把每一种组合都加一遍，不如先看个位：总和的个位是零，所以三个容量的个位加起来必须是十或二十。A、B、C 的个位四、六、零合起来是十，可以试，但加起来是一千一百一十，不对；再试 A、C、D，个位四、零、六也是十，加起来刚好一千零九十，对了。B、C、D 的个位是十二，A、B、D 是十六，一看就不可能。 例子：从 215、330、124、455 选三个凑 1 000：个位 5、0、4、5，其中 5 + 0 + 5 = 10 → 215 + 330 + 455 = 1 000。 注意：个位合适只是“可能”，还是要真正加起来检查。

guess and check = kaedah cuba jaya Three of the four juices must add up to exactly 1 090 mℓ. Instead of adding every group, look at the ones digits first: the total ends in 0, so the three ones digits must add to 10 or 20. A, B and C have 4, 6 and 0, which make 10, so try them: 1 110 mℓ, not right. Next try A, C and D: 4, 0 and 6 also make 10, and the sum is exactly 1 090 mℓ. B, C, D give 12 in the ones and A, B, D give 16, so they are ruled out at once. Example: to choose three of 215, 330, 124 and 455 that make 1 000, the ones digits 5, 0 and 5 add to 10, and 215 + 330 + 455 = 1 000. Watch out: a good ones digit only means the group might work; you must still add to check.

往返距离 = jarak dua hala “两程”指去和回来，是同一条路走两次，所以单程是往返距离的一半，用除以二。先除公里：三十七除以二得十八，余一公里；余下的一公里化成一千米，加四百六十米，一共一千四百六十米，再除以二得七百三十米。单程是十八公里七百三十米。检查：单程乘二，米满一千进一公里，应该回到往返距离。 例子：往返 25 km 600 m → 单程 12 km 800 m。 注意：公里的余数要化成米再除，不能丢掉。

two-way distance = jarak dua hala Two-way means going and coming back on the same road, so the one-way distance is half: divide by 2. Divide the km first: 37 ÷ 2 = 18 remainder 1 km. The 1 km left is 1 000 m; add 460 m to make 1 460 m, and ÷ 2 = 730 m. One way is 18 km 730 m. Check: one way × 2, regrouping 1 000 m as 1 km, should give the two-way distance again. Example: two-way 25 km 600 m → one way 12 km 800 m. Watch out: a km remainder must be changed into metres and divided, not dropped.

按日历数日子 = kira hari pada kalendar 先在日历上找出送货的日子：六月的每个星期二和星期五。星期二有五天，星期五有四天，一共九天。每天走的是往返距离，所以总距离是九乘三十七公里四百六十米：米四百六十乘九得四千一百四十米，满一千进一公里，是四公里一百四十米；公里三十七乘九得三百三十三，加四得三百三十七公里。 例子：每星期一送一次，一个月有 4 个星期一，每次 10 km 250 m → 4 × 10 km 250 m = 41 km。 注意：同一个月里，有的星期几会出现五次，要一个一个数清楚。

count days on a calendar = kira hari pada kalendar First find the delivery days on the calendar: every Tuesday and Friday in June. There are five Tuesdays and four Fridays, 9 days in all. Each day he travels the two-way distance, so the total is 9 × 37 km 460 m: 460 × 9 = 4 140 m, which is 4 km 140 m; 37 × 9 = 333, plus 4 makes 337 km. Example: one delivery every Monday, a month with 4 Mondays, 10 km 250 m each time → 4 × 10 km 250 m = 41 km. Watch out: in a month some weekdays appear five times, so count them one by one.

几倍再求和 = kali ganda, kemudian jumlah 先求 Q：Q 是 P 的三倍，所以用 P 的容量乘三，毫升满一千要进升。题目问两个容器一共，所以还要把 P 加上去。也可以想成一共是 P 的四倍。 例子：P 有 1 ℓ 200 mℓ，Q 是 P 的 2 倍 → Q = 2 ℓ 400 mℓ，一共 3 ℓ 600 mℓ。 注意：算完后再读一次问题，确认答案回答的是题目问的东西。

times as much, then the total = kali ganda, kemudian jumlah Find Q first: Q is 3 times P, so multiply P's volume by 3, regrouping 1 000 mℓ as 1 ℓ. The question asks for both containers together, so add P as well. You can also think of the total as 4 times P. Example: P holds 1 ℓ 200 mℓ and Q is 2 times P → Q = 2 ℓ 400 mℓ, total 3 ℓ 600 mℓ. Watch out: read the question again at the end to be sure your answer is what it asks for.

目标距离 = sasaran jarak 目标包括已经骑的和还要骑的，所以三段距离都要加起来：米和米加，满一千米进一公里；公里和公里加，再加进来的公里。可以画一条线段，把每一段都标上去，看看目标是哪几段合起来。 例子：已骑 5 km 400 m 和 3 km 200 m，还要 1 km 400 m → 目标 10 km。 注意：米栏相加后，每满一千米都要换成一公里。

the target distance = sasaran jarak The target is the distance already ridden plus the distance still to ride, so add all three parts: metres with metres, regrouping every 1 000 m as 1 km, then kilometres with kilometres plus the carried km. Drawing a line with every part marked on it shows which parts make up the target. Example: ridden 5 km 400 m and 3 km 200 m, still 1 km 400 m to go → the target is 10 km. Watch out: after adding the metres, change every full 1 000 m into 1 km.