Unit 7

Tambah Ukuran Panjang

Nurul membuat seutas rantai manik.
Bahagian merah: 48 cm 7 mm
Bahagian biru: 25 cm 6 mm
Berapakah jumlah panjang rantai itu, dalam mm?

长度相加 = tambah ukuran panjang 长度相加有两种方法。方法一：把厘米和毫米分栏对齐，毫米加毫米、厘米加厘米，毫米栏满十就换成一厘米，最后按题目要求换单位。方法二：先把每个长度都化成毫米，再像整数一样列竖式相加。千米和米也一样做，只是米栏要满一千才进一千米。例子：3 cm 6 mm + 2 cm 5 mm = 5 cm 11 mm = 6 cm 1 mm = 61 mm。注意：题目要求用什么单位回答，最后就要换成那个单位。

adding lengths = tambah ukuran panjang There are two ways to add lengths. Way 1: line up centimetres and millimetres in columns, add each column, and when the millimetres reach 10, change them into 1 centimetre; then change the answer into the unit asked for. Way 2: change every length into millimetres first and add them like whole numbers. Kilometres and metres work the same way, but the metres column regroups only at 1 000. Example: 3 cm 6 mm + 2 cm 5 mm = 5 cm 11 mm = 6 cm 1 mm = 61 mm. Watch out: always finish in the unit the question asks for.

Cara 1

Bentuk lazim cm dan mm

48 cm 7 mm + 25 cm 6 mm = ? mm

Tambah

	cm	mm
	48	7
+	25	6
	73	13
	+1	−10
	74	3

Tukar kepada mm

74 cm = 74 × 10 mm
= 740 mm
740 mm + 3 mm = 743 mm

竖式相加 = bentuk lazim 先加毫米：七加六等于十三毫米。十三毫米里有十毫米，可以换成一厘米，毫米栏留下三。再加厘米：四十八加二十五等于七十三，加上换来的一厘米，等于七十四厘米。题目要毫米：七十四厘米乘十是七百四十毫米，再加三毫米，一共七百四十三毫米。例子：12 cm 8 mm + 4 cm 5 mm = 16 cm 13 mm = 17 cm 3 mm = 173 mm。注意：毫米栏最后要小于十。

column method = bentuk lazim Add the millimetres first: 7 + 6 = 13 mm. Thirteen millimetres contain 10 mm, which becomes 1 cm, leaving 3 mm. Then add the centimetres: 48 + 25 = 73, plus the carried 1 cm gives 74 cm. The question wants millimetres: 74 cm × 10 = 740 mm, and 740 + 3 = 743 mm. Example: 12 cm 8 mm + 4 cm 5 mm = 16 cm 13 mm = 17 cm 3 mm = 173 mm. Watch out: the millimetres column must end below 10.

Cara 2

Tukar kepada mm dahulu

48 cm 7 mm + 25 cm 6 mm = ? mm

Tukar

48 cm 7 mm
= 480 mm + 7 mm = 487 mm
25 cm 6 mm
= 250 mm + 6 mm = 256 mm

Tambah

	1	1
	4	8	7
+	2	5	6
	7	4	3

743 mm

先化成毫米 = tukar kepada mm dahulu 每个长度先化成毫米：厘米数乘十，再加上毫米数。四十八厘米七毫米是四百八十加七，等于四百八十七毫米；二十五厘米六毫米是二百五十加六，等于二百五十六毫米。然后像普通整数一样列竖式相加，个位满十要进位。两种方法的结果一样。例子：9 cm 4 mm + 3 cm 8 mm = 94 mm + 38 mm = 132 mm。注意：化毫米时别漏掉原来的毫米数。

change to millimetres first = tukar kepada mm dahulu Change each length into millimetres: centimetres × 10, then add the millimetres. 48 cm 7 mm = 480 + 7 = 487 mm and 25 cm 6 mm = 250 + 6 = 256 mm. Then add them as ordinary whole numbers, carrying when a column reaches ten. Both ways give the same total. Example: 9 cm 4 mm + 3 cm 8 mm = 94 mm + 38 mm = 132 mm. Watch out: when changing to millimetres, keep the millimetres that were already there.

Susun mengikut unit

Ukuran dalam mm sahaja

15 cm 4 mm + 68 mm = ? cm ? mm

68 mm = 6 cm 8 mm

	cm	mm
	15	4
+	6	8
	21	12
	+1	−10
	22	2

= 22 cm 2 mm

只有毫米的长度 = ukuran dalam mm sahaja 六十八毫米不能整个写进毫米栏，要先拆开：六十毫米是六厘米，所以六十八毫米等于六厘米八毫米。再把厘米对厘米、毫米对毫米排好相加：毫米四加八得十二，换出一厘米剩两毫米；厘米十五加六再加一，得二十二厘米。例子：7 cm 5 mm + 36 mm = 7 cm 5 mm + 3 cm 6 mm = 11 cm 1 mm。注意：毫米栏不能留下十或以上的数。

a length in millimetres only = ukuran dalam mm sahaja 68 mm cannot sit whole in the millimetres column, so split it first: 60 mm is 6 cm, so 68 mm = 6 cm 8 mm. Then line up centimetres with centimetres and millimetres with millimetres: 4 + 8 = 12 mm, which gives 1 cm and 2 mm; 15 + 6 + 1 = 22 cm. Example: 7 cm 5 mm + 36 mm = 7 cm 5 mm + 3 cm 6 mm = 11 cm 1 mm. Watch out: never leave 10 or more in the millimetres column.

Tiga ukuran

Jawapan dalam mm

32 cm 8 mm + 50 cm + 11 cm 9 mm = ? mm

Tambah

	cm	mm
	32	8
	50	0
+	11	9
	93	17
	+1	−10
	94	7

Tukar kepada mm

94 cm = 940 mm
940 mm + 7 mm
= 947 mm

三个长度相加 = tambah tiga ukuran 五十厘米没有毫米，就在毫米栏写零，这样三行才对得整齐。毫米：八加零加九等于十七，满十换一厘米，剩七毫米。厘米：三十二加五十加十一等于九十三，再加一等于九十四。最后把九十四厘米七毫米化成毫米：九百四十加七。例子：20 cm + 4 cm 3 mm + 1 cm 9 mm = 25 cm 12 mm = 26 cm 2 mm = 262 mm。注意：没有毫米的一项，毫米栏写零，不要把厘米数写到毫米栏。

adding three lengths = tambah tiga ukuran 50 cm has no millimetres, so write 0 in its millimetres column to keep the rows tidy. Millimetres: 8 + 0 + 9 = 17, which regroups as 1 cm and 7 mm. Centimetres: 32 + 50 + 11 = 93, plus 1 makes 94. Finally, 94 cm 7 mm in millimetres is 940 + 7. Example: 20 cm + 4 cm 3 mm + 1 cm 9 mm = 25 cm 12 mm = 26 cm 2 mm = 262 mm. Watch out: for a length with no millimetres, write 0 in that column instead of moving the centimetres across.

km dan m

1 000 m = 1 km

36 km 750 m + 18 km 480 m

千米和米相加 = tambah km dan m 巴士先走一段，再走一段，总路程用加法。米和米加：七百五十加四百八十等于一千二百三十米，已经满一千米，就拿出 1 000 m 换成 1 km，米栏剩二百三十。千米：三十六加十八等于五十四，加上换来的一，等于五十五千米。例子：2 km 600 m + 1 km 700 m = 3 km 1 300 m = 4 km 300 m。注意：米要满一千才进一千米，不是满十或满一百。

adding km and m = tambah km dan m The bus travels one stretch and then another, so the total distance is found by adding. Metres: 750 + 480 = 1 230 m, which is more than 1 000, so 1 000 m becomes 1 km and 230 m stay. Kilometres: 36 + 18 = 54, plus the carried 1 makes 55 km. Example: 2 km 600 m + 1 km 700 m = 3 km 1 300 m = 4 km 300 m. Watch out: metres regroup at 1 000, not at 10 or 100.

Tiga jarak

Jawapan dalam m

4 km 385 m + 2 km 906 m + 1 km 57 m = ? m

Tambah

	km	m
	4	385
	2	906
+	1	57
	7	1 348
	+1	−1 000
	8	348

Tukar kepada m

8 km = 8 000 m
8 000 m + 348 m
= 8 348 m

三段路程化成米 = jawapan dalam m 五十七米要对齐米栏的十位和个位，不能对到百位。米：三百八十五加九百零六加五十七等于一千三百四十八，满 1 000 m 换出 1 km，米栏剩三百四十八。千米：四加二加一等于七，再加一等于八。8 km = 8 000 m，加三百四十八米就是用米表示的答案。例子：5 km 40 m = 5 000 m + 40 m = 5 040 m。注意：米不满一百时，化成米要补零占位，例如 3 km 6 m = 3 006 m。

three distances in metres = jawapan dalam m Line up 57 m under the tens and ones of the metres column, not under the hundreds. Metres: 385 + 906 + 57 = 1 348, so 1 000 m regroup as 1 km and 348 m stay. Kilometres: 4 + 2 + 1 = 7, plus 1 makes 8. Eight kilometres are 8 000 m, and adding 348 m gives the answer in metres. Example: 5 km 40 m = 5 000 m + 40 m = 5 040 m. Watch out: when the metres are fewer than 100, keep zeros as place holders, for example 3 km 6 m = 3 006 m.

Semak cepat

37 cm 6 mm + 18 cm 7 mm = ? mm

厘米毫米相加化毫米 = tambah cm dan mm, jawapan dalam mm 可以用两种方法。方法一：分栏相加，毫米满十换成一厘米加到厘米栏，最后把厘米乘十再加毫米。方法二：一开始就把两个长度都化成毫米，再列竖式相加。两种方法做完可以互相检查。例子：21 cm 9 mm + 6 cm 4 mm → 27 cm 13 mm → 28 cm 3 mm → 283 mm。注意：写成毫米以前，先确认毫米栏已经少于十。

adding cm and mm, answer in mm = tambah cm dan mm, jawapan dalam mm You may use either way. Way 1: add in columns, regroup 10 mm as 1 cm, then change the centimetres to millimetres (× 10) and add the millimetres. Way 2: change both lengths into millimetres at the start and add in a column. Use one way to check the other. Example: 21 cm 9 mm + 6 cm 4 mm → 27 cm 13 mm → 28 cm 3 mm → 283 mm. Watch out: before writing in millimetres, make sure the millimetres column is less than ten.

Semak cepat

12 km 640 m + 5 km 575 m = ?

千米和米相加 = tambah km dan m 先加米栏：如果米的和达到一千或以上，就拿出 1 000 m 换成 1 km，送到千米栏，米栏留下剩下的部分；再加千米栏，记得加上送过来的那一个。例子：7 km 830 m + 2 km 450 m → 9 km 1 280 m → 10 km 280 m。注意：米栏最后要少于一千；进位后千米栏要多一。

adding km and m = tambah km dan m Add the metres first. If they reach 1 000 or more, take out 1 000 m, change it into 1 km for the kilometres column and keep the rest in the metres column. Then add the kilometres, including the one carried over. Example: 7 km 830 m + 2 km 450 m → 9 km 1 280 m → 10 km 280 m. Watch out: the metres column must end below 1 000, and the kilometres go up by one after regrouping.

Tulis dalam m

6 km 80 m + 3 km 960 m = ? m

答案化成米 = jawapan dalam m 八十米只有两位数，放进米栏时要对齐十位和个位。加完以后如果米满一千，要进一千米。最后化成米：千米数乘一千，再加上米数；米不到一百时，要用零占住百位。例子：1 km 70 m + 2 km 980 m → 3 km 1 050 m → 4 km 50 m → 4 050 m。注意：化成米时，零的位置写错，数值就差很多。

answer in metres = jawapan dalam m 80 m has only two digits, so it goes under the tens and ones of the metres column. If the metres reach 1 000 after adding, regroup 1 km. To write the answer in metres, multiply the kilometres by 1 000 and add the metres; when the metres are below 100, a zero holds the hundreds place. Example: 1 km 70 m + 2 km 980 m → 3 km 1 050 m → 4 km 50 m → 4 050 m. Watch out: a zero in the wrong place changes the value a lot.

Ringkasan

Syabas!

10 mm = 1 cm · 1 000 m = 1 km

Susun unit yang sama, tambah, kemudian kumpul semula. Tukar jawapan kepada unit yang diminta.

Latihan tambahan →