Maju Minda

带仙的减法 = tolak ringgit dan sen 小数点对齐后从仙减起。被减数的仙比减数的仙少，不够减，要向令吉借一令吉，换成一百仙再减。令吉部分也有几位不够减，要继续向左借。 例子：RM10.25 − RM3.75：借一令吉，一百二十五仙减七十五仙得五十仙，九令吉减三令吉得六令吉，所以 RM6.50。 注意：借了一令吉以后，个位要少一，这一步最容易忘。

subtracting with sen = tolak ringgit dan sen Line up the points and start with the sen. The top sen are fewer than the bottom sen, so borrow RM1 and change it into 100 sen before subtracting. Some ringgit places are also too small, so keep borrowing to the left. Example: RM10.25 − RM3.75: borrow RM1, 125 − 75 = 50 sen, RM9 − RM3 = RM6, so RM6.50. Watch out: after borrowing RM1, the ones digit is 1 less; this is the step most often forgotten.

加减混合 = tambah dan tolak 加号在前、减号在后，按从左到右的规则，先把前两个金额相加，再从和里减去最后的金额。每一步都列竖式，对齐数位。 例子：RM300 + RM200 − RM100，先得 RM500，再得 RM400。 注意：减号后面的金额是要拿走的，把它也加进去是常见的错误。

adding and subtracting = tambah dan tolak The plus sign comes before the minus sign, so from left to right add the first two amounts, then take the last amount away from the sum. Use columns for each step and line up the places. Example: RM300 + RM200 − RM100; first RM500, then RM400. Watch out: the amount after the minus sign is taken away; adding it as well is a common mistake.

金额加法 = tambah wang 一个金额是整数令吉，另一个有仙。先在整数后面补上点零零，让两个小数点上下对齐，再从最右边的仙加起，满十进一，一直加到万位。 例子：RM1 000 + RM250.40 = RM1 000.00 + RM250.40 = RM1 250.40。 注意：仙的两位数字要写在小数点后面正确的位置，十仙位和一仙位不能对调。

adding money = tambah wang One amount is whole ringgit and the other has sen. Write .00 after the whole amount so the two decimal points line up, then add from the rightmost sen digit, carrying as needed, up to the ten thousands. Example: RM1 000 + RM250.40 = RM1 000.00 + RM250.40 = RM1 250.40. Watch out: write the two sen digits in the right places after the point; the tens of sen and ones of sen must not be swapped.

除以十 = bahagi sepuluh 整数金额先写成点零零，再把小数点往左移一格，每个数字都往右移一位。移好以后，仙的部分要写两位数。 例子：RM1 235 ÷ 10 = RM123.50。 注意：小数点后第一位是十仙，第二位是一仙，金额一定要写成两位仙。

dividing by 10 = bahagi sepuluh Write the whole amount with .00, then move the decimal point one place left so every digit moves one place right. Afterwards write the sen with two digits. Example: RM1 235 ÷ 10 = RM123.50. Watch out: the first digit after the point is tens of sen and the second is ones of sen, and money is always written with two sen digits.

连减 = tolak berturut-turut 算式有两个减号，从左到右做两次减法。第一次减带仙的金额，被减数要补点零零，从仙借位；第二次用得到的差再减整数金额。 例子：RM10 000 − RM2 500.50 − RM3 000，先得 RM7 499.50，再得 RM4 499.50。 注意：做完第一次减法只完成了一半，后面还有一个金额要减。

subtracting twice = tolak berturut-turut There are two minus signs, so subtract twice from left to right. The first subtraction takes away an amount with sen, so write .00 and borrow from the sen; the second takes the whole amount away from that difference. Example: RM10 000 − RM2 500.50 − RM3 000; first RM7 499.50, then RM4 499.50. Watch out: after the first subtraction you are only halfway; one more amount must be taken away.

求减数 = cari nilai yang ditolak 方框是被拿走的金额。原来的金额减去方框，剩下题目给的数，所以方框 = 原来的金额 − 剩下的金额。原来的金额是整数令吉，先写成点零零，再从仙开始借位。算好后代回原式检查。 例子：RM900 − □ = RM612.40，□ = RM900.00 − RM612.40 = RM287.60。 注意：方框是拿走的部分，一定比原来的金额小；用加法会得到比原来还大的数。

find the amount taken away = cari nilai yang ditolak The box is the amount taken away. The starting amount minus the box leaves the given amount, so box = starting amount − amount left. The starting amount is whole ringgit, so write it with .00 and borrow from the sen. Put the box back to check. Example: RM900 − □ = RM612.40, so □ = RM900.00 − RM612.40 = RM287.60. Watch out: the box is the part taken away and must be smaller than the starting amount; adding gives something bigger than the start.

三个金额相加 = tambah tiga nilai 三个金额中两个有仙，一个没有。先补点零零对齐。仙的部分加起来会超过一百仙，这时要把一百仙换成一令吉，进到令吉的个位，仙位只写剩下的部分。然后再加令吉。 例子：RM1.60 + RM2.90 = RM4.50，因为六十仙加九十仙是一百五十仙，等于一令吉五十仙。 注意：仙满一百进上去的那一令吉，加令吉时一定要算进去。

adding three amounts = tambah tiga nilai Two of the amounts have sen and one does not, so write .00 and line up. The sen add up to more than 100 sen, so change 100 sen into RM1, carry it into the ringgit ones, and write only the rest in the sen. Then add the ringgit. Example: RM1.60 + RM2.90 = RM4.50, because 60 sen + 90 sen = 150 sen = RM1.50. Watch out: the RM1 carried from the sen must be counted when adding the ringgit.

先除后乘 = bahagi dahulu, kemudian darab 算式先除后乘，从左到右：第一步用长除法把带仙的金额除以三，得到一份；第二步把一份乘四。商的小数点要和被除数的小数点对齐，积也保留两位小数。 例子：RM6 300.90 ÷ 3 × 2 = RM2 100.30 × 2 = RM4 200.60。 注意：不能先把三和四相乘或相除再算，那会改变算式的意思；做完第一步也不要停。

divide first, then multiply = bahagi dahulu, kemudian darab The sentence divides then multiplies, so from left to right: step 1 long-divides the amount by 3 to get one part; step 2 multiplies that part by 4. Keep the answer's point in line with the amount's point, and keep two decimal places in the product. Example: RM6 300.90 ÷ 3 × 2 = RM2 100.30 × 2 = RM4 200.60. Watch out: do not combine the 3 and the 4 first, which changes the meaning, and do not stop after step 1.

乘两位数 = darab dua digit 七十四可以分成七十和四。先用四乘金额，写第一行；再用七十乘金额，写第二行，第二行末尾要有零；两行相加。金额有两位小数，积也保留两位小数。也可以用格子法。 例子：12 × RM100.50 = 2 × RM100.50 + 10 × RM100.50 = RM201 + RM1 005 = RM1 206。 注意：第二行是乘七十，不是乘七，末尾的零不能漏。

multiplying by two digits = darab dua digit 74 can be split into 70 and 4. Multiply the amount by 4 for the first row, then by 70 for the second row, which ends in a zero, and add the rows. The amount has two decimal places, so the product does too. The lattice method also works. Example: 12 × RM100.50 = 2 × RM100.50 + 10 × RM100.50 = RM201 + RM1 005 = RM1 206. Watch out: the second row is × 70, not × 7, so keep the zero.

离目标还差多少 = berapa lagi untuk capai sasaran 目标是全部，已经卖出的两样是已完成的部分，还差的就是剩下的部分。先把已经卖出的两个金额加起来，再用目标减去这个和；也可以用目标连续减两次。 例子：目标 RM1 000，已卖 RM400 和 RM350，还差 RM1 000 − RM750 = RM250。 注意：已经卖出的总数不是答案，题目问的是还差多少。

how much more to reach the target = berapa lagi untuk capai sasaran The target is the whole; the two amounts already sold are the part done, and what is still needed is the rest. Add the two sales, then subtract that sum from the target, or subtract twice from the target. Example: target RM1 000, sales RM400 and RM350, still needed RM1 000 − RM750 = RM250. Watch out: the total already sold is not the answer; the question asks how much more is needed.

户口结单 = penyata akaun 结单上每一笔都要按日期的次序处理：钱出去就减，钱进来就加，每做一步得到新的余额，最后一个余额就是结余。可以把它画成一张有“进、出、余额”三栏的表。 例子：RM100 − RM30 + RM20 − RM10 = RM80。 注意：看清楚每一笔是进还是出，存进来的钱不能减。

an account statement = penyata akaun Handle each line of the statement in date order: subtract money out and add money in; each step gives a new balance, and the last one is the final balance. A table with in, out and balance columns helps. Example: RM100 − RM30 + RM20 − RM10 = RM80. Watch out: check whether each amount is in or out; a deposit must not be subtracted.

单位法 = kaedah seunit 知道十五台一共多少钱，要求七台，先用除法求一台的价钱，再乘七。除以十五时可以先列十五的乘法表。 例子：8 本字典 RM240，一本 RM30，5 本 RM150。 注意：乘的数要看清楚题目问几台；求出一台以后还要再乘。

the unitary method = kaedah seunit The price of 15 machines is known and the price of 7 is wanted, so first divide to find the price of one, then multiply by 7. List the 15 times table to help with the division. Example: 8 dictionaries cost RM240, so one is RM30 and 5 cost RM150. Watch out: read how many units the question asks for; after finding one unit you still have to multiply.

换外币 = tukar mata wang asing 去哪一个国家，就要换那个国家的货币。按题目里国家的次序，一个一个想出货币名称，再找次序完全相同的一组。只要一组里有一个名称不对，整组就不对。 例子：去新加坡、中国、印度 → 新加坡元、人民币、卢比。 注意：东亚有好几种名字相近的货币，要分清楚哪一个是哪一国的。

changing money = tukar mata wang asing For each country you visit, you need that country's currency. Go through the countries in the order given, recall each currency name, then find the group with exactly that order. If even one name in a group is wrong, the whole group is wrong. Example: Singapore, China and India need the Singapore dollar, renminbi and rupee. Watch out: several East Asian currencies have similar-sounding names, so be sure which belongs to which country.

网上付款 = bayar dalam talian 题目有三个条件：在网站上付钱、钱从储蓄户口直接扣、不欠债。回想每一种付款方式的特点，拿它去对照这三个条件，三个条件全部符合的才是答案。 例子：在网上缴水费、想直接从户口付，可以用网上银行。 注意：网上付款前要确认网站可靠，也不要把卡的资料告诉别人。

paying online = bayar dalam talian The question has three conditions: paying on a website, taking the money straight from a savings account, and no debt. Recall the features of each way to pay and test it against the three conditions; only one that meets all three is right. Example: paying a water bill online straight from an account can be done by Internet banking. Watch out: make sure a website is trustworthy before paying, and never share your card details.