Unit 12
Bijak Buat Keputusan
Mei Xin ingin membeli satu set kanvas dan cat akrilik RM150 sebelum kelas seni bermula pada bulan Oktober.
Simpanannya sekarang RM70.
Apakah yang perlu Mei Xin lakukan?
聪明做决定 = bijak buat keputusan
钱有限，所以要先分清楚“需要”和“想要”，再决定先买哪一样。确定目标以后，算一算还差多少钱、要存多久，想办法多赚一点钱，并且把每一笔收入和支出记下来，看余额够不够。美心想在美术班开课前买一套画布和颜料，就要这样计划。
例子：想买 RM40 的东西，已经有 RM25 → 还差 RM15。
注意：需要的东西要先照顾，想要的东西可以慢慢存钱买。
making wise decisions = bijak buat keputusan
Money is limited, so first tell needs from wants and decide what comes first. Once the goal is set, work out how much more money is needed and how long to save, find ways to earn a little more, and record every amount in and out to see whether the balance is enough. Mei Xin plans like this to buy canvas and paints before her art class starts.
Example: to buy a RM40 item with RM25 saved, RM15 more is needed.
Watch out: take care of needs first; save up for wants over time.
Keperluan atau kehendak?
Pilih semua keperluan.
需要与想要 = keperluan dan kehendak
判断时问自己：如果没有这样东西，生活和上学会不会有困难？会有困难的是“需要”；有了会开心、没有也可以过日子的是“想要”。正确的不止一个，每一张卡都要这样想一想，再全部选出来。
例子：雨伞在雨季是需要；已经有铅笔盒还要再买一个是想要。
注意：同一样东西要看情况，已经有了一样，再买第二样通常就是想要。
needs and wants = keperluan dan kehendak
Ask yourself: without this item, would daily life or school become difficult? If yes, it is a need; if it would be nice but you can manage without it, it is a want. More than one card is correct, so think about every card and choose all the needs.
Example: an umbrella in the rainy season is a need; buying another pencil box when you already have one is a want.
Watch out: it depends on the situation; when you already have one, buying another is usually a want.
Rancang
Berapa lagi perlu dikumpul?
RM150 − RM70
| Harga | Ada | Perlu lagi | Tempoh | Sebulan |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| RM150 | RM70 | RM80 | 4 bulan | RM20 |
RM150 − RM70 = RM80
RM80 ÷ 4 = RM20 sebulan
RM80 ÷ 4 = RM20 sebulan
做计划 = rancang
画具一套一百五十令吉，已经有七十令吉，还差一百五十减七十，就是八十令吉。离开课还有四个月，把八十令吉平均分到四个月，八十除以四，每个月要存二十令吉。她可以帮邻居照顾猫、浇花，或者帮忙照顾表弟来多赚一点。
例子：还差 RM60，三个月 → 每月 RM20。
注意：先用减法求还差多少，再用除法求每个月存多少。
make a plan = rancang
The art set costs RM150 and Mei Xin has RM70, so she needs RM150 − RM70 = RM80 more. There are four months left, so RM80 ÷ 4 = RM20 a month. She can earn extra by minding a neighbour's cat, watering plants or looking after her young cousin.
Example: RM60 more over three months is RM20 a month.
Watch out: subtract to find how much more, then divide to find the amount per month.
Rekod wang
Baki selepas setiap urus niaga
Baki = baki lama + dapat − belanja
| Tarikh | Perkara | Masuk | Keluar | Baki |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 01.06 | Wang simpanan | RM70.00 | — | RM70.00 |
| 08.06 | Upah jaga kucing jiran | RM12.00 | — | RM82.00 |
| 15.06 | Beli buku latihan | — | RM9.00 | ? |
| 30.06 | Upah jaga adik sepupu | RM25.00 | — | RM98.00 |
| 12.07 | Beli hadiah untuk adik | — | RM4.00 | RM94.00 |
| 28.07 | Upah siram pokok jiran | RM30.00 | — | RM124.00 |
| 20.08 | Hadiah hari jadi | RM30.00 | — | ? |
余额记录 = rekod baki
每一行记一笔钱：有钱进来就加，有钱出去就减，得到新的余额。例如六月八号照顾邻居的猫得十二令吉，七十加十二等于八十二；七月十二号买礼物花四令吉，九十八减四等于九十四；七月二十八号浇花得三十令吉，九十四加三十等于一百二十四。表里打问号的余额，留给后面的题目去算。
例子：余额 RM20，收入 RM5 → RM25；再花 RM3 → RM22。
注意：每一行的余额都从上一行接下来。
a balance record = rekod baki
Each row records one amount: money in is added and money out is subtracted to give the new balance. On 8 June she earned RM12 minding the cat, so 70 + 12 = 82; on 12 July she spent RM4, so 98 − 4 = 94; on 28 July she earned RM30, so 94 + 30 = 124. The balances marked ? are worked out in the next questions.
Example: balance RM20, in RM5 gives RM25; then out RM3 gives RM22.
Watch out: each balance follows on from the row above.
Semak
Berapakah baki Mei Xin pada 15.06?
求某一天的余额 = baki pada satu tarikh
余额要一行一行接下去。先找到那一天上面一行的余额，再看那一天是钱进来还是钱出去：钱进来就加，钱出去就减。买东西是钱出去。
例子：上一行余额 RM50，这一天买书 RM6，新余额 RM50 − RM6 = RM44。
注意：不要把上一行的余额直接当成这一天的余额，也不要把支出加上去。
the balance on a date = baki pada satu tarikh
Balances follow on row by row. Find the balance on the row above that date, then see whether money came in or went out that day: add money in, subtract money out. Buying something is money out.
Example: the balance above is RM50 and a RM6 book is bought, so the new balance is RM50 − RM6 = RM44.
Watch out: do not copy the balance from the row above, and do not add spending.
Keputusan
Pada 20.08, bolehkah Mei Xin membeli set lukisan itu?
判断 = buat keputusan
要判断买不买得起，就要用最新的余额，也就是表格最后一行的余额，去和目标价钱比较。余额等于或大于价钱，就买得起，还可以算剩多少；比价钱少，就还不够。
例子：最后余额 RM30，东西 RM28 → 买得起，剩 RM2。
注意：中间某一行的余额是旧的，后面还有收入，不能用来做决定。
decide = buat keputusan
To decide, compare the latest balance, on the last row of the table, with the price. If the balance is equal to or more than the price, she can buy it and you can work out what is left; if it is less, it is not enough yet.
Example: last balance RM30 for a RM28 item: enough, with RM2 left.
Watch out: a balance from a middle row is out of date because more money came in later, so do not use it to decide.
Ringkasan
Syabas!
keperluan → kehendak
Dahulukan keperluan, rancang simpanan, dan rekod baki untuk mencapai matlamat.
Latihan tambahan →