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对齐数位 = susun ikut nilai tempat 这题的两个金额位数不一样：一个是四位数，一个是五位数。列竖式时要把个位对个位、十位对十位，四位数的左边空出万位。然后从个位加起，满十进一。 例子：RM2 040 + RM31 600 = RM33 640。 注意：如果把四位数靠左对齐，千位会跑到万位，答案会大得不合理。

line up the places = susun ikut nilai tempat The two amounts have different numbers of digits: one has four and one has five. In the column, put ones under ones and tens under tens, leaving the ten thousands empty for the four-digit amount. Then add from the ones and carry. Example: RM2 040 + RM31 600 = RM33 640. Watch out: lining the shorter number up on the left moves its thousands into the ten thousands and makes the answer far too big.

三个金额 = tiga nilai wang 三个金额中有一个没有仙，先在它后面补上点零零，让三个小数点对齐。然后从仙的最右边一位加起，仙满一百进一令吉，再一栏一栏加令吉。 例子：RM1 000.50 + RM200 + RM300.25 = RM1 500.75。 注意：仙的两位数字要保持原来的次序，十仙位和一仙位不能对调。

three amounts = tiga nilai wang One of the three amounts has no sen, so first write .00 after it to line up all three decimal points. Then add from the rightmost sen digit, change 100 sen into RM1, and add the ringgit column by column. Example: RM1 000.50 + RM200 + RM300.25 = RM1 500.75. Watch out: keep the two sen digits in their order; the tens of sen and ones of sen must not be swapped.

先加后减 = tambah, kemudian tolak 题目问预算用完三项开支后剩下多少。第一步把三项开支加起来，得到总开支；第二步用预算减去总开支。加的时候要补点零零对齐小数点，减的时候要从仙开始借位。 例子：预算 RM5 000，开支 RM1 200、RM2 350.50、RM400，总开支 RM3 950.50，剩下 RM1 049.50。 注意：只做完第一步得到的是总开支，不是剩下的钱。

add, then subtract = tambah, kemudian tolak The question asks how much of the budget is left after three expenses. Step 1: add the three expenses to get the total spent. Step 2: subtract that total from the budget. Line up the points with .00 when adding, and borrow from the sen when subtracting. Example: budget RM5 000, costs RM1 200, RM2 350.50 and RM400; spent RM3 950.50, left RM1 049.50. Watch out: stopping after step 1 gives the amount spent, not the amount left.

两步求未知数 = dua langkah 目标金额是总数，银行里和家里的钱是已经有的两部分，还差的钱是第三部分。先把已有的两部分加起来，再用目标金额减去这个和，就是还需要的钱。 例子：RM300 + RM200 + □ = RM1 000，先算 RM300 + RM200 = RM500，再算 RM1 000 − RM500 = RM500。 注意：已有的钱加起来只是中间结果；把目标金额也加进去，答案会比目标还大，一定不对。

two steps = dua langkah The target is the total; the money in the bank and at home are two known parts; the money still needed is the third part. First add the two known parts, then subtract that sum from the target. Example: RM300 + RM200 + □ = RM1 000; first RM300 + RM200 = RM500, then RM1 000 − RM500 = RM500. Watch out: the sum of the known parts is only a middle step; adding the target as well gives an answer bigger than the target, which cannot be right.

应用题 = masalah “一共付多少”表示把题目里所有要付的钱都加起来：电脑、软件和运费三项。整数金额后面补点零零，三个小数点对齐，从仙加起。可以先估计：把每项取整到千令吉再加，检查答案大小。 例子：RM20 000 + RM1 500.40 + RM60 = RM21 560.40。 注意：金额很小的那一项最容易被漏掉，读题时把每一个金额都圈出来。

a word problem = masalah The total payment means adding every amount that must be paid: the computers, the software and the delivery. Write .00 after whole amounts, line up the three points and add from the sen. Estimate first by rounding each to the nearest thousand. Example: RM20 000 + RM1 500.40 + RM60 = RM21 560.40. Watch out: the smallest amount is the easiest one to leave out; circle every amount in the question.