Unit 1
Tambah Wang
Sekolah Seri Kenanga menerima sebut harga tiga peralatan:
projektor RM5 870, meja makmal RM7 460 dan sistem bunyi RM3 915.
Berapakah jumlah sebut harga itu?
金额加法 = tambah wang
学校拿到三样设备的报价单，要知道一共多少钱，就把三个价钱加起来。金额的加法和数字的加法一样：对齐数位，从右边加起，满十进一。这个单元学十万令吉以内的金额加法，也学带仙的金额、估计和取整。
例子：RM2 000 + RM1 500 + RM600 = RM4 100。
注意：答案前面一定要写 RM。
adding money = tambah wang
The school has a price quotation for three items. To find the total, add the three prices. Adding money works like adding numbers: line up the places, add from the right and carry when a column reaches ten. In this unit we add amounts up to RM100 000, including sen, estimates and rounding.
Example: RM2 000 + RM1 500 + RM600 = RM4 100.
Watch out: always write RM in front of the answer.
Tiga nilai wang
Susun ikut nilai tempat
RM5 870 + RM7 460 + RM3 915
| RM | 5 | 8 | 7 | 0 | ||
| RM | 7 | 4 | 6 | 0 | ||
| + | RM | 3 | 9 | 1 | 5 | |
| RM | 1 | 7 | 2 | 4 | 5 |
Jumlah = RM17 245
三个金额相加 = tambah tiga nilai wang
把三个金额按数位对齐排好，从个位加起。个位零加零加五得五；十位七加六加一得十四，写四进一；百位八加四加九再加一得二十二，写二进二；千位五加七加三再加二得十七。一共一万七千二百四十五令吉。
例子：RM3 200 + RM2 900 + RM1 700 = RM7 800。
注意：进位可能是二，不一定是一，要看那一栏加起来是多少。
adding three amounts = tambah tiga nilai wang
Line up the three amounts by place value and add from the ones. Ones: 0 + 0 + 5 = 5; tens: 7 + 6 + 1 = 14, write 4 carry 1; hundreds: 8 + 4 + 9 + 1 = 22, write 2 carry 2; thousands: 5 + 7 + 3 + 2 = 17. The total is RM17 245.
Example: RM3 200 + RM2 900 + RM1 700 = RM7 800.
Watch out: a carry can be 2, not only 1; it depends on the column total.
Ringgit dan sen
Tulis .00 untuk melengkapkan sen
RM31 248.60 + RM3 975
令吉和仙 = ringgit dan sen
一个金额有仙，另一个没有仙的时候，先在没有仙的金额后面写上点零零，让小数点和仙对齐，然后从最右边的仙加起。补上的零不会改变金额的大小。
例子：RM1 250.40 + RM300 = RM1 250.40 + RM300.00 = RM1 550.40。
注意：小数点一定要对齐，不能把整数对到仙的位置。
ringgit and sen = ringgit dan sen
When one amount has sen and the other does not, write .00 after the whole ringgit amount so the decimal points and sen line up, then add from the right. The zeros do not change the value.
Example: RM1 250.40 + RM300 = RM1 250.40 + RM300.00 = RM1 550.40.
Watch out: line up the decimal points; do not put the ringgit digits under the sen.
Anggar dahulu
Bundarkan kepada ribu ringgit terdekat
RM8 614.35 + RM27 480 + RM12 905.70
Anggaran
RM9 000
+ RM27 000
+ RM13 000
= RM49 000
+ RM27 000
+ RM13 000
= RM49 000
Kira tepat
| RM | 8 | 6 | 1 | 4 | . | 3 | 5 | ||
| RM | 2 | 7 | 4 | 8 | 0 | . | 0 | 0 | |
| + | RM | 1 | 2 | 9 | 0 | 5 | . | 7 | 0 |
| RM | 4 | 9 | 0 | 0 | 0 | . | 0 | 5 |
RM49 000.05 dekat dengan anggaran RM49 000 → munasabah
先估计 = anggar dahulu
把每个金额取整到最接近的千令吉：八千多、百位是六的取作九千；两万七千四百多、百位是四的取作两万七千；一万两千九百多取作一万三千。估计总数四万九千令吉。准确答案四万九千令吉零五仙，和估计很接近，所以答案合理。
例子：RM4 820 + RM6 150 ≈ RM5 000 + RM6 000 = RM11 000。
注意：估计只是用来检查，最后要写准确答案。
estimate first = anggar dahulu
Round each amount to the nearest thousand ringgit: RM8 614.35 → RM9 000, RM27 480 → RM27 000, RM12 905.70 → RM13 000. The estimate is RM49 000. The exact answer RM49 000.05 is very close, so it is reasonable.
Example: RM4 820 + RM6 150 ≈ RM5 000 + RM6 000 = RM11 000.
Watch out: the estimate is only for checking; the final answer is the exact one.
Nilai yang tidak diketahui
RM18 725.40 + □ = RM52 300
□ = jumlah − nilai yang diketahui
Tolak
| RM | 5 | 2 | 3 | 0 | 0 | . | 0 | 0 | |
| − | RM | 1 | 8 | 7 | 2 | 5 | . | 4 | 0 |
| RM | 3 | 3 | 5 | 7 | 4 | . | 6 | 0 |
Semak
| RM | 1 | 8 | 7 | 2 | 5 | . | 4 | 0 | |
| + | RM | 3 | 3 | 5 | 7 | 4 | . | 6 | 0 |
| RM | 5 | 2 | 3 | 0 | 0 | . | 0 | 0 |
求缺的加数 = cari nilai yang tidak diketahui
总数是五万两千三百令吉，已知的一部分是一万八千七百二十五令吉四十仙。缺的那一部分等于总数减去已知的部分，先把总数写成点零零，再用竖式相减，得三万三千五百七十四令吉六十仙。最后把两部分加回去，刚好等于总数。
例子：RM500 + □ = RM1 200 → □ = RM700。
注意：求缺的加数要用减法，不是加法。
find the missing amount = cari nilai yang tidak diketahui
The total is RM52 300 and the known part is RM18 725.40. The missing part is the total minus the known part: RM52 300.00 − RM18 725.40 = RM33 574.60. Check by adding the two parts back to get the total.
Example: RM500 + □ = RM1 200, so □ = RM700.
Watch out: use subtraction, not addition, to find the missing part.
Bil dan resit
Bundarkan kepada ringgit terdekat
RM23.45 + RM18.80 = RM42.25 ≈ ?
RM42.00
RM42.50
RM43.00
RM42.25
▼
▼
25 sen < 50 sen → ≈ RM42
Contoh lain: RM17.50 ≈ RM18 · RM9.49 ≈ RM9
取整到最接近的令吉 = bundarkan kepada ringgit terdekat
在账单和收据上，常常要知道“大约多少令吉”。方法是看仙的部分：少于五十仙，令吉不变，仙去掉；五十仙或以上，令吉加一。也可以在数线上看这个金额离哪一个整令吉比较近，或者用心算直接判断。四十二令吉二十五仙离四十二比较近。
例子：RM7.60 ≈ RM8；RM15.30 ≈ RM15。
注意：刚好五十仙要进上去，不是舍去。
round to the nearest ringgit = bundarkan kepada ringgit terdekat
On bills and receipts we often want to know about how many ringgit. Look at the sen: less than 50 sen, keep the ringgit and drop the sen; 50 sen or more, add one ringgit. A number line or mental calculation shows which whole ringgit is nearer. RM42.25 is nearer to RM42.
Example: RM7.60 ≈ RM8; RM15.30 ≈ RM15.
Watch out: exactly 50 sen rounds up, not down.
Semak cepat
RM24 368.50 + RM9 847.75 = ?
带仙的加法 = tambah ringgit dan sen
这题是两个带仙的金额相加。先把小数点上下对齐，从最右边的仙开始加，满一百仙就向令吉进一，然后一栏一栏往左加。算完可以用估计检查：两个金额各自取整到千令吉再相加，答案应该和它接近。
例子：RM1 500.50 + RM800.75 = RM2 301.25。
注意：每一栏加完都要看有没有进位，千位和万位最容易漏掉进位。
adding ringgit and sen = tambah ringgit dan sen
This question adds two amounts that both have sen. Line up the decimal points, start from the sen on the right, change 100 sen into RM1 and carry it, then work column by column to the left. Check with an estimate: round both amounts to the nearest thousand and add.
Example: RM1 500.50 + RM800.75 = RM2 301.25.
Watch out: check every column for a carry; the thousands and ten thousands are where carries are often lost.
Semak cepat
□ + RM12 480.90 = RM40 000. □ = ?
求缺的加数 = cari nilai yang tidak diketahui
方框加上已知的金额等于总数，所以方框是总数的一部分，要用总数减去已知的金额。把整数的总数写成点零零，再从仙开始借位相减。最后把两个金额加回去，看看是不是刚好等于总数。
例子：□ + RM2 500 = RM6 000，□ = RM6 000 − RM2 500 = RM3 500。
注意：方框是总数的一部分，所以一定比总数小；如果算出来比总数还大，就是用错了运算。
find the missing part = cari nilai yang tidak diketahui
The box plus the known amount makes the total, so the box is part of the total. Subtract the known amount from the total: write the total with .00 and borrow along from the sen. Then add the two amounts back to check.
Example: □ + RM2 500 = RM6 000, so □ = RM6 000 − RM2 500 = RM3 500.
Watch out: a part must be smaller than the total; an answer larger than the total means the wrong operation was used.
Bil kedai buku
Resit: RM36.65 + RM24.90. Jumlahnya dibundarkan kepada ringgit terdekat ialah
先算再取整 = kira dahulu, kemudian bundarkan
题目有两个步骤：先把收据上的两个金额加起来，得到准确的总数；然后看总数的仙部分，决定令吉要不要加一。不要先把每个金额分别取整再加，那样有时会差一令吉。
例子：RM12.70 + RM8.45 = RM21.15，十五仙少于五十仙，所以约 RM21。
注意：看的是仙的部分是否达到五十仙，不是看令吉的个位数字。
add, then round = kira dahulu, kemudian bundarkan
There are two steps. First add the two receipt amounts to get the exact total. Then look at the sen of the total to decide whether the ringgit goes up by one. Do not round each amount first, because that can be one ringgit off.
Example: RM12.70 + RM8.45 = RM21.15; 15 sen is less than 50 sen, so about RM21.
Watch out: look at whether the sen reach 50, not at the ones digit of the ringgit.
Ringkasan
Syabas!
RM + RM
Susun titik perpuluhan selajur, tulis .00 jika perlu, dan anggar untuk menyemak.
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