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从左到右再约简 = kiri ke kanan, kemudian permudahkan 分母相同，只算分子：先加后减。中间得到假分数没关系，继续减就好。最后看结果比 1 大还是比 1 小，再约简到最简形式。 例子：1/10 + 7/10 − 3/10 = 8/10 − 3/10 = 5/10 = 1/2。 注意：结果比 1 小时不能写成带分数；只有分子大于分母时才有整数部分。

left to right, then simplify = kiri ke kanan, kemudian permudahkan The denominators match, so work only with the numerators: add, then subtract. An improper fraction in the middle is fine; just carry on. At the end, see whether the result is more or less than 1 and simplify it. Example: 1/10 + 7/10 − 3/10 = 8/10 − 3/10 = 5/10 = 1/2. Watch out: a result less than 1 has no whole number part.

带分数减整数 = nombor bercampur tolak nombor bulat 按从左到右的次序：带分数减整数时，只有整数部分改变，分数部分不变；然后把分数加上去；最后把分数部分约简。 例子：3又1/4 − 1 + 1/4 = 2又1/4 + 1/4 = 2又2/4 = 2又1/2。 注意：看清楚每个符号，减号不能当成加号；答案记得约简。

a mixed number minus a whole number = nombor bercampur tolak nombor bulat Work from left to right. Taking a whole number from a mixed number changes only the whole number part; then add the fraction and simplify the fraction part. Example: 3 1/4 − 1 + 1/4 = 2 1/4 + 1/4 = 2 2/4 = 2 1/2. Watch out: read every sign carefully; a minus sign is not a plus sign.

换成八分之几 = tukar kepada perlapan 三个分母是四、二、八，八是它们的公倍数，所以都换成八分之几。然后分子按次序先减后加。 例子：5/6 − 1/2 + 1/3 = 5/6 − 3/6 + 2/6 = 4/6 = 2/3。 注意：最后一个是加号，做完减法还要把它加上去，不要把它也减掉。

change to eighths = tukar kepada perlapan The denominators are 4, 2 and 8, and 8 is a multiple of all of them, so change everything into eighths. Then subtract and add the numerators in order. Example: 5/6 − 1/2 + 1/3 = 5/6 − 3/6 + 2/6 = 4/6 = 2/3. Watch out: the last sign is plus, so add that fraction; do not take it away as well.

应用题 = masalah 先把文字变成算式：剪掉是减，接上是加，顺序跟故事一样。然后从整数借 1 做减法，再把分母统一成十分之几做加法；分数部分满 1 要进位，最后写上单位米。 例子：7 − 2又1/4 + 3/4 = 4又3/4 + 3/4 = 5又2/4 = 5又1/2。 注意：剪掉的长度要减，不能也当成加进去。

a word problem = masalah Turn the story into a number sentence first: cutting off is minus and joining on is plus, in the order of the story. Borrow 1 to subtract, change to tenths to add, carry if the fraction reaches 1, and write the unit m. Example: 7 − 2 1/4 + 3/4 = 4 3/4 + 3/4 = 5 2/4 = 5 1/2. Watch out: the piece cut off must be subtracted, not added.

六分之几 = perenam 三、二、六的最小公分母是六，把三个分数都换成六分之几，分子按次序先加后减，最后约简。 例子：3/4 + 1/8 − 1/2 = 6/8 + 1/8 − 4/8 = 3/8。 注意：得到六分之几以后，要看分子和分母能不能同时除以二或三。

sixths = perenam The smallest common denominator of 3, 2 and 6 is 6, so change all three fractions to sixths, add then subtract the numerators, and simplify. Example: 3/4 + 1/8 − 1/2 = 6/8 + 1/8 − 4/8 = 3/8. Watch out: once you have sixths, check whether the top and bottom can both be divided by 2 or 3.