Latihan tambahan

模式应用 = pola dalam masalah 先用相邻两周的数量相减，看每周增加还是减少、变化多少；再按照这个规律一周一周往下写，一直写到题目问的那一周。 例子：每天 300、280、260……第五天是 220。 注意：问的是哪一周就要算到那一周，中间的周不能跳过。

a pattern in a problem = pola dalam masalah Subtract the amounts for two neighbouring weeks to see whether they go up or down and by how much. Then continue the pattern week by week until you reach the week the question asks about. Example: 300, 280, 260 a day, so the fifth day is 220. Watch out: work all the way to the week asked for; do not skip the weeks in between.

“少……”再求总数 = kurang daripada, kemudian jumlah 先求 B 店：比 A 店少，就用 A 店的数量减去少的数量；再求“两间一共”，把 A 店和 B 店加起来。画两条长短不同的条形图，可以看得更清楚。 例子：甲摊 500 人，乙摊比甲摊少 80 人 → 乙摊 420 人，两摊一共 920 人。 注意：只求出 B 店还不够，题目问的是两间的总数。

fewer than, then the total = kurang daripada, kemudian jumlah First find shop B: fewer than shop A means subtract. Then find both shops together by adding A and B. Two bars of different lengths make this clearer. Example: stall X has 500 customers and stall Y has 80 fewer, so Y has 420 and the two stalls have 920. Watch out: finding shop B is not enough; the question asks for the total of both shops.

乘法应用 = masalah darab 每盒的芒果一样多，求很多盒一共有多少，用乘法：盒数 × 每盒的数量。用竖式从个位乘起，每一位满十就进位，进上来的数要在乘完那一位后再加。 例子：1 206 盒 × 8 = 9 648。 注意：“每盒几个、有几盒”要用乘法，不是加法。

a multiplication problem = masalah darab Every box has the same number of mangoes, so to find the total for many boxes, multiply: boxes × mangoes in a box. Use the column method from the ones, carrying when a product reaches ten, and add the carried number after multiplying the next place. Example: 1 206 boxes × 8 = 9 648. Watch out: some in each box and a number of boxes means multiply, not add.

商中间有 0 = sifar dalam hasil bahagi 平均放进几辆罗厘，用除法。长除法中，每一次移下来的数比除数小，就要在商的那一位写 0，然后再移下一位。有时会连续写两个 0。 例子：35 035 ÷ 7 = 5 005。 注意：写完商以后用乘法检查，0 的个数和位置都要对。

zeros in the quotient = sifar dalam hasil bahagi Sharing equally among lorries means divide. In long division, each time the number brought down is smaller than the divisor, write 0 in that place of the quotient before bringing down the next digit. Sometimes two zeros come in a row. Example: 35 035 ÷ 7 = 5 005. Watch out: check with multiplication; the number and places of the zeros must be right.

先除后乘 = bahagi, kemudian darab 先求一个罐子里有多少颗：总数 ÷ 罐子数；再求 7 个罐子：一个罐子的数量 × 7。整个算式写成 总数 ÷ 9 × 7，从左到右算。 例子：120 ÷ 4 × 3 = 30 × 3 = 90。 注意：只求出一个罐子的数量就停下来，还没有回答问题。

divide, then multiply = bahagi, kemudian darab First find the marbles in one jar: total ÷ number of jars. Then find 7 jars: marbles in one jar × 7. The whole sentence is total ÷ 9 × 7, worked from left to right. Example: 120 ÷ 4 × 3 = 30 × 3 = 90. Watch out: stopping at one jar does not answer the question.

份数思考 = fikir dalam bahagian 把最少的那一个当成 1 份，其他的用“几份”来表示：是它的几倍就是几份，和它一样多就是 1 份。把所有份数加起来，用总数除以总份数，就得到 1 份的数量。 例子：A 是 1 份，B 是 A 的 2 倍，C 和 A 一样多，一共 4 份；总数 800 → 1 份是 200。 注意：求出 1 份以后，看清楚题目问的是哪一个。

think in parts = fikir dalam bahagian Call the smallest amount 1 part and write the others as parts: some times as many means that many parts, and the same amount means 1 part. Add all the parts and divide the total by the number of parts to find 1 part. Example: A is 1 part, B is 2 times A and C is the same as A, making 4 parts; a total of 800 gives 200 for 1 part. Watch out: after finding 1 part, check which box the question asks about.

“多……”再求总数 = lebih daripada, kemudian jumlah 第一步：求第二间店卖了多少，“多”就用加法；第二步：把两间店的数量加起来。也可以想成：两个第一间店的数量，再加上多出来的部分。 例子：A 店 300 本，B 店比 A 店多 50 本 → B 店 350 本，两间一共 650 本。 注意：只算出第二间店的数量，还不是两间的总数。

more than, then the total = lebih daripada, kemudian jumlah Step 1: find how many the second shop sold; more than means add. Step 2: add the two shops together. You can also think of it as two lots of the first shop plus the extra. Example: shop A sells 300 and shop B sells 50 more, so B sells 350 and the two sell 650. Watch out: the second shop's amount on its own is not the total.

表格里的“多”和“少” = lebih dan kurang daripada dalam jadual 表格里有些数量没有直接写出，而是说“比某一周少多少”或“多多少”。要按表格的次序一格一格求：先求中间那一周（少就减），再用它求下一周（多就加）。 例子：甲 600；乙比甲少 50 → 550；丙比乙多 120 → 670。 注意：每一格都要跟它所说的那一格比较，不要全部跟第一格比。

more and fewer in a table = lebih dan kurang daripada dalam jadual Some amounts in the table are not given directly; they say how many fewer or more than another week. Work down the table in order: find the middle week first (fewer means subtract), then use it for the next week (more means add). Example: row A is 600; row B is 50 fewer, so 550; row C is 120 more than B, so 670. Watch out: compare each row with the row it names, not always with the first row.

升序 = tertib menaik 升序就是从最小排到最大。先看位数，四位数比五位数小，放在最前面；位数一样时，从最高位开始比，找到最先不相同的那一位，数字小的数比较小。 例子：升序排列 7 530、30 574、35 074、35 704。 注意：排好以后从左到右读一遍，每个数都要比前面的大。

ascending order = tertib menaik Ascending means from smallest to largest. Look at the number of digits first: a four-digit number is smaller than a five-digit one, so it comes first. With the same number of digits, compare from the highest place until the digits differ; the smaller digit there means the smaller number. Example: in ascending order 7 530, 30 574, 35 074, 35 704. Watch out: read your order from left to right; each number must be bigger than the one before.