Maju Minda

文字写成数字 = tulis dalam angka 以 ribu 这个词为界：ribu 前面的部分写成千位以上的数字；ribu 后面的部分写成后三位。后三位一定要写满三个数位，哪一位没有读到，就在那一位写 0。 例子：lima puluh ribu sembilan = 50 009；dua puluh ribu tiga ratus = 20 300。 注意：不要因为没有听到某个数位的名称，就把那一位漏掉不写。

words to numerals = tulis dalam angka Split at the word ribu: the part before it gives the thousands and ten thousands; the part after it gives the last three digits. The last three places must all be filled, so write 0 in any place that is not said. Example: lima puluh ribu sembilan = 50 009; dua puluh ribu tiga ratus = 20 300. Watch out: do not leave out a place just because its name was not said.

数值 = nilai digit 先找出有下划线的数字在哪一个数位，再把这个数字乘上那个数位的值：在十位就乘 10，在千位就乘 1 000，其他数位也一样。数位的名称和数值是两回事：名称是一个词，数值是一个数。 例子：在 64 518 里，5 的数值是 500；1 在十位，数值是 10。 注意：数位要从个位开始往左数，不要从左边开始数。

digit value = nilai digit Find which place the underlined digit is in, then multiply the digit by the value of that place: by 10 in the tens, by 1 000 in the thousands, and so on. The name of a place and the digit value are different things: a name is a word, a value is a number. Example: in 64 518 the digit value of 5 is 500, and the 1 is in the tens with a value of 10. Watch out: count places from the ones towards the left, not from the left.

组合分解式 = gabung cerakinan 分解式的各部分次序被打乱了。先看每一部分属于哪一个数位：几万、几千、几百、几十、几个，再把数字放进对应的数位。哪个数位没有出现，就在那里写 0。 例子：7 + 500 + 40 000 = 40 507。 注意：不要按照题目写的次序把数字直接连起来。

combine a breakdown = gabung cerakinan The parts of the breakdown are in a mixed-up order. Decide which place each part belongs to (ten thousands, thousands, hundreds, tens or ones) and put its digit there. Write 0 in any place that has no part. Example: 7 + 500 + 40 000 = 40 507. Watch out: do not join the digits in the order they are written.

奇数 = nombor ganjil 判断奇数或偶数，只看个位：个位是 1、3、5、7、9 的是奇数；个位是 0、2、4、6、8 的是偶数。前面的数字再大，也不会改变奇偶。 例子：20 571 的个位是 1，是奇数；68 390 的个位是 0，是偶数。 注意：不要看最前面的数字来判断。

odd number = nombor ganjil To decide odd or even, look only at the ones digit: 1, 3, 5, 7 or 9 means odd, and 0, 2, 4, 6 or 8 means even. The other digits, however big, do not change this. Example: 20 571 ends in 1, so it is odd; 68 390 ends in 0, so it is even. Watch out: do not judge by the digit at the front.

降序 = tertib menurun 降序就是从最大排到最小。先比较位数：五位数一定比四位数大。位数一样时，从最高位开始比，找到最先出现不同的那一位，数字大的那个数就大。 例子：降序排列 93 100、91 300、39 100、9 310。 注意：降序和升序方向相反，排好后要从左到右检查是否越来越小。

descending order = tertib menurun Descending means from largest to smallest. Compare the number of digits first: a five-digit number is always bigger than a four-digit one. With the same number of digits, compare from the highest place until the digits differ; the bigger digit there means the bigger number. Example: in descending order 93 100, 91 300, 39 100, 9 310. Watch out: descending is the opposite of ascending, so check from left to right that the numbers keep getting smaller.

降序模式 = pola menurun 先看这串数是变大还是变小，再用相邻两个数相减，求出每次变化多少。数越来越小，下一个数就是最后一个数再减去同样的差。 例子：9 900、9 850、9 800、9 750……每次减 50。 注意：看清方向，减少的模式不能用加法。

descending pattern = pola menurun See whether the numbers get bigger or smaller, then subtract two neighbours to find how much they change each time. These numbers get smaller, so the next one is the last number minus the same difference. Example: 9 900, 9 850, 9 800, 9 750 and so on, taking away 50 each time. Watch out: check the direction; a pattern that goes down must not be added to.

取整进位 = bundar ke atas 取整到千要看百位：百位是 5 或以上就进一，千位加 1；小于 5 就不变。千位是 9 时加 1 会变成 10，要再向万位进一。取整后，千位后面的数位都写 0。 例子：49 600 取整到千 → 50 000；18 720 取整到千 → 19 000。 注意：取整的结果一定是整千，不会留下百位的数字。

rounding up = bundar ke atas To round to the nearest thousand, look at the hundreds: 5 or more means the thousands digit goes up by 1; less than 5 means it stays. If the thousands digit is 9, adding 1 makes 10, which carries into the ten thousands. After rounding, every place after the thousands is 0. Example: 49 600 rounds to 50 000, and 18 720 rounds to 19 000. Watch out: a number rounded to thousands is always a whole thousand, with no hundreds left.

三数相加 = tambah tiga nombor 把三个数按数位对齐写成竖式，从个位开始，一列一列相加。每一列的和满十，就写下个位，把十位进到左边一列。三个数一起加时，一列的和可能超过 20，这时要进 2。 例子：1 206 + 3 450 + 598 = 5 254。 注意：每一列加完都要记得加上进上来的数。

add three numbers = tambah tiga nombor Write the three numbers in columns with the places lined up and add column by column from the ones. When a column reaches ten or more, write the ones and carry the tens to the next column. With three numbers a column can pass 20, so you may carry 2. Example: 1 206 + 3 450 + 598 = 5 254. Watch out: remember to add the carried number in every column.

三位数乘两位数 = darab tiga digit dengan dua digit 被乘数十位是 0，乘的时候那一位得 0，但要占住位置。先乘个位写第一行，再乘十位写第二行（个位先写 0），两行相加。最后用整百、整十估计检查。 例子：203 × 31 → 203 + 6 090 = 6 293。 注意：第二行漏了 0，得数只有四位数，和估计值差很远。

three digits times two digits = darab tiga digit dengan dua digit The tens digit of the first number is 0; it gives 0 when multiplied but still holds its place. Multiply by the ones for the first row, by the tens for the second row (starting with 0), and add. Check with an estimate using hundreds and tens. Example: 203 × 31: 203 + 6 090 = 6 293. Watch out: without the 0 in the second row the result has only four digits, far from the estimate.

除以两位数 = bahagi dengan dua digit 先看被除数前几位才够除以 42：前两位不够，就看前三位。每一步都想“几个 42 最接近而不超过”，写商、乘回去、相减、移下一位。最后把商乘 42，看看是否回到被除数。 例子：8 400 ÷ 21 = 400。 注意：每一步减完剩下的数一定要比 42 小；如果不比 42 小，说明那一步的商写小了。

divide by two digits = bahagi dengan dua digit See how many front digits are needed to divide by 42: if the first two are too small, use the first three. At each step ask how many 42s fit without going over, then write, multiply back, subtract and bring down. Finally multiply the answer by 42 to see whether you get back the number divided. Example: 8 400 ÷ 21 = 400. Watch out: what is left after each subtraction must be smaller than 42; if not, the digit written at that step is too small.

从左到右 = dari kiri ke kanan 只有加和减的算式，要从左到右一步一步算：先做最左边的运算，再用得数做下一个运算。减号只减掉紧跟在它后面的那个数。 例子：1 000 − 400 + 50 → 600 + 50 = 650。 注意：不能先把后面两个数加起来再去减，那样会减掉太多。

left to right = dari kiri ke kanan A sentence with only + and − is worked from left to right: do the operation on the left first, then use its result for the next one. A minus sign takes away only the number straight after it. Example: 1 000 − 400 + 50: 600 + 50 = 650. Watch out: do not add the last two numbers first and then subtract; that takes away too much.

减数是未知数 = anu ialah nombor yang ditolak w 在减号后面，是被减去的数。原来的数和减完剩下的数都已知，所以 w = 原来的数 − 剩下的数。求出以后，放回原来的算式检查。 例子：50 − w = 21 → w = 50 − 21 = 29。 注意：这里用加法是方向错了；减数未知时仍然要用减法。

the unknown is taken away = anu ialah nombor yang ditolak w comes after the minus sign, so it is the number taken away. The starting number and what is left are both known, so w = starting number − number left. Put your answer back into the sentence to check. Example: 50 − w = 21, so w = 50 − 21 = 29. Watch out: adding is the wrong direction here; an unknown that is taken away is still found by subtracting.

比较大小 = banding nombor “lebih daripada”表示比某个数大，“kurang daripada”表示比某个数小。所以要找的数要同时比前一个数大、比后一个数小。比较时从万位开始，一位一位看，直到有不同的那一位。 例子：比 12 450 大、又比 12 540 小的数，例如 12 504。 注意：数字相同但次序不同的数，大小可以差很多，要逐位比较。

compare numbers = banding nombor Lebih daripada means bigger than a number and kurang daripada means smaller than a number. So the number we want must be bigger than the first number and smaller than the second at the same time. Compare from the ten thousands, place by place, until the digits differ. Example: a number bigger than 12 450 but smaller than 12 540 is 12 504. Watch out: numbers with the same digits in a different order can be very different in size, so compare place by place.

估计数量 = anggar kuantiti 用已知的小容器作为参照：先知道一个小容器大约装多少，再看大容器相当于几个小容器，用乘法估计总数。估计值只要大约正确，不必准确。 例子：一本小笔记本大约 50 页，一叠有 6 本 → 大约 300 页。 注意：估计值要合理：比参照量大，但不会大得离谱。

estimate a quantity = anggar kuantiti Use the small container as a reference: know about how many it holds, see how many small containers the big one is equal to, and multiply to estimate. An estimate only needs to be about right, not exact. Example: a small notebook has about 50 pages, so a pile of 6 has about 300 pages. Watch out: a sensible estimate is bigger than the reference amount but not wildly bigger.

取整到万的最大值 = nombor terbesar untuk pembundaran 取整到万要看千位：千位是 0 到 4 的不进位，5 到 9 的要进位。所以先写出“取整后等于这个整万”的所有数的范围：从哪一个数开始，到哪一个数为止。题目问最大还是最小，就到范围的那一端去找。 例子：取整到万是 80 000 的最小数是 75 000。 注意：范围两端要看清楚，比范围的最大值再多 1，就会进位成另一个整万。

the largest number for rounding = nombor terbesar untuk pembundaran To round to the nearest ten thousand, look at the thousands: 0 to 4 stays, 5 to 9 rounds up. So first write the range of all numbers that round to that ten thousand: where it starts and where it ends. If the question asks for the largest or smallest, look at that end of the range. Example: the smallest number that rounds to 80 000 is 75 000. Watch out: check both ends of the range carefully; one more than the largest number in the range rounds to a different ten thousand.

“1 ratus / 1 ribu”的写法 = 1 ratus bermaksud 100 算式里的“1 ratus”就是 100，“1 ribu”就是 1 000，只是用文字写出来。先把文字换成数字，再用除法的方法：除以 100 去掉末尾两个 0，除以 1 000 去掉三个 0。 例子：52 000 ÷ 1 ribu = 52 000 ÷ 1 000 = 52。 注意：先看清楚是 ratus 还是 ribu，再决定去掉几个 0。

1 ratus and 1 ribu = 1 ratus bermaksud 100 In a number sentence, 1 ratus is 100 and 1 ribu is 1 000, written in words. Change the words into numerals first, then divide: ÷ 100 removes two zeros from the end and ÷ 1 000 removes three. Example: 52 000 ÷ 1 ribu = 52 000 ÷ 1 000 = 52. Watch out: check whether it says ratus or ribu before deciding how many zeros to remove.