Latihan tambahan

约简 = permudahkan 先观察乘数和除数：有没有同一个数可以把它们都整除？把乘数和除数同时除以这个数，算式就变简单，最后只要做一步乘或除。照次序算也可以，结果一样。 例子：600 × 12 ÷ 36 → 12 和 36 都除以 12，变成 1 和 3 → 600 ÷ 3 = 200。 注意：约简以后，被乘数还要一起算，不能丢掉。

simplify = permudahkan Look at the multiplier and the divisor: is there one number that divides both exactly? Divide both by it and the sentence becomes simple, leaving one multiplication or division. Working in order also works and gives the same result. Example: 600 × 12 ÷ 36: divide 12 and 36 by 12 to get 1 and 3, so 600 ÷ 3 = 200. Watch out: after simplifying, the first number still has to be used; do not drop it.

先约简 = permudahkan dahulu 被乘数可以被除数整除，先把它们约简，算式就只剩一个一位数乘三位数，不必先算两位数乘三位数的大乘法。 例子：48 × 25 ÷ 12 → 48 ÷ 12 = 4 → 4 × 25 = 100。 注意：约简后只剩乘法，别忘了做最后这一步。

simplify first = permudahkan dahulu The first number can be divided exactly by the divisor, so simplify them first. Then only a one-digit times three-digit multiplication is left, instead of the big two-digit times three-digit one. Example: 48 × 25 ÷ 12: 48 ÷ 12 = 4, then 4 × 25 = 100. Watch out: after simplifying only the multiplication is left, so remember to do that last step.

先求一份 = cari untuk satu unit dahulu 题目给的是 12 小时的总数，问的是 7 小时。先用除法求出 1 小时生产多少，再乘上要求的小时数。整个算式写成：总数 ÷ 12 × 7，从左到右算。 例子：5 天读 150 页，3 天读 150 ÷ 5 × 3 = 90 页。 注意：求出 1 小时的数量只是第一步，还要乘 7。

find one unit first = cari untuk satu unit dahulu The question gives the total for 12 hours and asks about 7 hours. First divide to find how many are made in 1 hour, then multiply by the number of hours asked. The sentence is total ÷ 12 × 7, worked left to right. Example: 150 pages in 5 days means 150 ÷ 5 × 3 = 90 pages in 3 days. Watch out: the amount for 1 hour is only the first step; you still need to multiply by 7.

除以一千再乘 = bahagi 1 000, kemudian darab 先做除法：除以一千就去掉末尾三个 0。再把得到的两位数乘上后面的数；如果其中一个是 25，可以想“4 个 25 是 100”来心算。 例子：12 000 ÷ 1 000 × 5 = 12 × 5 = 60。 注意：只做完除法就停下来，或者跳过除法直接乘，都会出错。

divide by 1 000, then multiply = bahagi 1 000, kemudian darab Divide first: dividing by one thousand removes three zeros from the end. Then multiply the two-digit result by the last number; if one of them is 25, remember that four 25s make 100 to work it out in your head. Example: 12 000 ÷ 1 000 × 5 = 12 × 5 = 60. Watch out: stopping after the division, or skipping the division, both lead to a wrong result.

比较两个算式 = banding dua ayat 两个算式都是先除后乘，而且后面乘的数一样。所以只要分别算出第一步的除法，比较两个商：商一样，整个算式就相等；哪一个商大，那个算式就大。 例子：9 000 ÷ 1 000 × 5 和 900 ÷ 10 × 5 → 第一步是 9 和 90，不相等，后面那个算式比较大。 注意：不要只看数字的长短来判断，要把第一步算出来。

compare two sentences = banding dua ayat Both sentences divide first and then multiply by the same number. So work out the first division in each and compare the two quotients: if they are the same, the sentences are equal; the bigger quotient gives the bigger sentence. Example: 9 000 ÷ 1 000 × 5 and 900 ÷ 10 × 5 start with 9 and 90, so they are not equal and the second is bigger. Watch out: do not judge by how long the numbers look; work out the first step.