Darab dan Bahagi

从左到右 = dari kiri ke kanan 先算左边的乘法：9 × 12 = 108；再把得数除以 6：108 ÷ 6 = 18。每一步都只是一个普通的乘法或除法。 例子：5 × 8 ÷ 4 = 40 ÷ 4 = 10。 注意：第一步的得数要用在第二步。

from left to right = dari kiri ke kanan First the multiplication on the left: 9 × 12 = 108. Then divide that answer by 6: 108 ÷ 6 = 18. Each step is an ordinary multiplication or division. Example: 5 × 8 ÷ 4 = 40 ÷ 4 = 10. Watch out: use the answer from step 1 in step 2.

先约简 = permudahkan dahulu 乘除混合时，如果某个乘数和除数有公因数，可以先约掉，让数字变小。12 和 6 都可以被 6 整除：12 ÷ 6 = 2，所以 9 × 12 ÷ 6 = 9 × 2 = 18，答案一样。 例子：7 × 15 ÷ 5 = 7 × 3 = 21。 注意：只有乘数和除数之间可以约简。

simplify first = permudahkan dahulu If one of the numbers being multiplied shares a factor with the divisor, cancel it first to make the numbers smaller. 12 and 6 can both be divided by 6: 12 ÷ 6 = 2, so 9 × 12 ÷ 6 = 9 × 2 = 18, the same answer. Example: 7 × 15 ÷ 5 = 7 × 3 = 21. Watch out: only a number being multiplied and the divisor can be simplified together.

约简大数 = permudahkan nombor besar 方法一照次序算，要做 450 × 16 和 7 200 ÷ 24，数字比较大。方法二先看 16 和 24 都能被 8 整除，约成 2 和 3，只要算 450 × 2 = 900，900 ÷ 3 = 300，快很多。 例子：300 × 14 ÷ 21 → 14 和 21 约成 2 和 3 → 600 ÷ 3 = 200。 注意：约简时乘数和除数要除以同一个数。

simplify big numbers = permudahkan nombor besar Method 1 works in order and needs 450 × 16 and 7 200 ÷ 24, which are big. Method 2 notices that 16 and 24 can both be divided by 8, becoming 2 and 3, so we only need 450 × 2 = 900 and 900 ÷ 3 = 300. Much quicker. Example: 300 × 14 ÷ 21: 14 and 21 become 2 and 3, so 600 ÷ 3 = 200. Watch out: divide the multiplier and the divisor by the same number.

先除再乘更方便 = permudahkan dengan 5 35 可以被 5 整除，先约成 7，就不用算 35 × 2 184 这么大的乘法了，只要算 2 184 × 7 = 15 288。 例子：45 × 1 230 ÷ 9 = 5 × 1 230 = 6 150。 注意：约简以后，另一个数 2 184 不变。

simplify with 5 = permudahkan dengan 5 35 can be divided by 5, which gives 7, so we avoid the big multiplication 35 × 2 184 and only need 2 184 × 7 = 15 288. Example: 45 × 1 230 ÷ 9 = 5 × 1 230 = 6 150. Watch out: after simplifying, the other number, 2 184, stays the same.

先除后乘 = bahagi dahulu, kemudian darab 算式是 16 200 ÷ 40 × 7。从左到右先除：16 200 ÷ 40 = 405，这是一个摊位分到的鸡蛋；再乘 7，得到 7 个摊位一共 2 835 个。 例子：600 ÷ 20 × 5 = 30 × 5 = 150。 注意：不能先算 40 × 7 再去除，那样次序错了，答案也会错。

divide first, then multiply = bahagi dahulu, kemudian darab The number sentence is 16 200 ÷ 40 × 7. Working left to right, divide first: 16 200 ÷ 40 = 405, the eggs for one stall. Then multiply by 7 to get 2 835 eggs for seven stalls. Example: 600 ÷ 20 × 5 = 30 × 5 = 150. Watch out: do not work out 40 × 7 first and then divide; the order would be wrong and so would the answer.

判断是否相等 = semak sama atau tidak 两个算式的第一步都得 390：3 900 ÷ 10 = 390，39 000 ÷ 100 = 390。后面都乘 24，所以两个算式的值相同，都是 9 360。被除数多一个 0，除数也多一个 0，商不变。 例子：5 000 ÷ 100 × 3 和 500 ÷ 10 × 3 都等于 150。 注意：先把每个算式的第一步算出来，再比较。

check whether they are equal = semak sama atau tidak The first step of both sentences gives 390: 3 900 ÷ 10 = 390 and 39 000 ÷ 100 = 390. Both then multiply by 24, so they have the same value, 9 360. When the number divided and the divisor each gain one zero, the quotient stays the same. Example: 5 000 ÷ 100 × 3 and 500 ÷ 10 × 3 both equal 150. Watch out: work out the first step of each sentence, then compare.

约简 = permudahkan 乘除混合的算式，可以照次序从左到右算，也可以先约简。先找找看：哪一个乘数能被除数整除？如果有，就先把它们约简，让数字变小，最后只做一次简单的乘法。 例子：18 × 40 ÷ 9 → 18 ÷ 9 = 2，2 × 40 = 80。 注意：约简只能在乘数和除数之间进行；算完第一步的乘法就停下来，也是常见的错误。

simplify = permudahkan A sentence with × and ÷ can be worked in order from left to right, or simplified first. Look for a number being multiplied that the divisor goes into exactly. If there is one, simplify them first to make the numbers smaller, so only one easy multiplication is left. Example: 18 × 40 ÷ 9: 18 ÷ 9 = 2, then 2 × 40 = 80. Watch out: simplify only a number being multiplied with the divisor; stopping after the first multiplication is also a common mistake.

先除后乘 = bahagi dahulu, kemudian darab 算式里除号在前、乘号在后，就从左到右，先做除法，再把得数乘上后面的数。除以几百时，被除数和除数可以各去掉同样多个末尾的 0，再除。 例子：8 000 ÷ 400 × 6 → 80 ÷ 4 = 20，20 × 6 = 120。 注意：只做完第一步就停，或者漏了除法只做乘法，都会得到错误的结果。

divide first = bahagi dahulu, kemudian darab The ÷ comes before the ×, so work left to right: divide first, then multiply the result by the last number. When dividing by hundreds, remove the same number of end zeros from both numbers before dividing. Example: 8 000 ÷ 400 × 6: 80 ÷ 4 = 20, then 20 × 6 = 120. Watch out: stopping after the first step, or skipping the division and only multiplying, both give a wrong result.

除以两位数再乘 100 = bahagi dua digit, kemudian darab 100 从左到右：先把被除数除以两位数，可以想“几个 56 是 280”，再看后面还有几个 0；得出商以后，再乘 100，在后面补两个 0。 例子：9 600 ÷ 32 × 100 → 9 600 ÷ 32 = 300，300 × 100 = 30 000。 注意：乘 100 这一步要补两个 0，漏了这一步，得数就少了两个 0。

divide by two digits, then multiply by 100 = bahagi dua digit, kemudian darab 100 Work left to right: divide by the two-digit number first; think how many 56s make 280, then count the zeros left over. After finding the quotient, multiply by 100 by writing two zeros after it. Example: 9 600 ÷ 32 × 100: 9 600 ÷ 32 = 300, then 300 × 100 = 30 000. Watch out: the × 100 step adds two zeros; missing it leaves the result two zeros short.