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求 m = cari nilai m 题目是“已知数 + m = 总数”。求 m 就用总数减去已知数；个位不够减时，向十位借一个十。算完后把 m 放回原式，加起来应该等于总数。 例子：24 + m = 40 → m = 40 − 24 = 16；验算 24 + 16 = 40。 注意：求加法里的未知数要用减法；如果得数比总数还大，一定是用错了方法。

find m = cari nilai m The sentence is known number + m = total. Subtract the known number from the total, regrouping a ten when the ones are not enough. Then put m back and add to check. Example: 24 + m = 40, so m = 40 − 24 = 16; check 24 + 16 = 40. Watch out: an unknown in addition is found by subtracting; an answer bigger than the total means the wrong method.

未知数在前面 = anu di depan 未知数 p 在前面，处理方法和在后面一样：p = 总数 − 已知数。个位不够减要借位，借位以后十位要少 1。最后把 p 和已知数加起来检查。 例子：p + 18 = 60 → p = 60 − 18 = 42；验算 42 + 18 = 60。 注意：借位后忘了把十位减 1，答案就会多 10；千万不要把两个数加起来。

unknown at the front = anu di depan The unknown p is at the front, but the method is the same: p = total − known number. Regroup when the ones are not enough, and remember the tens then go down by 1. Add back to check. Example: p + 18 = 60, so p = 60 − 18 = 42; check 42 + 18 = 60. Watch out: forgetting to take 1 from the tens makes the answer 10 too big, and never add the two numbers.

较大的数 = nombor lebih besar 数比较大时方法不变：y = 总数 − 已知数。可以用竖式，也可以分两步：先减千位，再减百位。算完把 y 和已知数加起来，看看是不是总数。 例子：2 500 + y = 7 000 → 7 000 − 2 000 = 5 000，再减 500 → y = 4 500；验算 2 500 + 4 500 = 7 000。 注意：分两步减时，两部分都要减掉，不能只减一部分。

bigger numbers = nombor lebih besar With bigger numbers the method is the same: y = total − known number. Use columns, or subtract in two steps, the thousands first and then the hundreds. Add back to check. Example: 2 500 + y = 7 000: 7 000 − 2 000 = 5 000, then − 500 gives y = 4 500; check 2 500 + 4 500 = 7 000. Watch out: in two steps, take away both parts, not just one.

写出算式 = tulis ayat matematik 题目要你选出能表示这个故事的算式，不用算出答案。先想：原来有多少？发生了什么事，数量是变多还是变少？最后有多少？“又买了一些”表示变多，要用加号；原来的数量加上未知数，等于最后的数量。 例子：有 20 元，妈妈再给一些，变成 35 元 → 20 + r = 35。 注意：数量变多用加号，变少才用减号；最后的数量要写在等号的另一边。

write the number sentence = tulis ayat matematik Choose the number sentence that matches the story; you do not need to solve it. Ask what Ali had at first, whether the amount grew or shrank, and what he has at the end. Buying more means it grew, so use a plus sign: the first amount plus the unknown equals the final amount. Example: having RM20 and getting some more to make RM35 gives 20 + r = 35. Watch out: growing uses plus and shrinking uses minus, and the final amount goes on the other side of the equals sign.