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用小数字想 = fikir dengan nombor kecil 遇到不会的式子，可以先换成小数字来想：3 加几等于 5？我们知道是 2，而 2 正好是 5 − 3。所以“某数加未知数等于总数”，未知数 = 总数 − 已知的数。 例子：4 + □ = 10 → □ = 10 − 4 = 6。 注意：求加法里的未知数，要用减法。

think with small numbers = fikir dengan nombor kecil When a number sentence looks hard, try it with small numbers: 3 plus what makes 5? We know it is 2, and 2 is exactly 5 − 3. So when a number plus an unknown gives a total, the unknown = total − known number. Example: 4 + □ = 10, so □ = 10 − 4 = 6. Watch out: to find an unknown in addition, we subtract.

未知数在后面 = anu di belakang 27 + k = 63：总数是 63，已知的加数是 27，所以 k = 63 − 27 = 36。求出来以后，把 36 放回原式：27 + 36 = 63，对了，就说明答案正确。 例子：45 + t = 80 → t = 80 − 45 = 35。 注意：写答案时要写“k 的值是 36”。

unknown at the end = anu di belakang 27 + k = 63: the total is 63 and the known number is 27, so k = 63 − 27 = 36. Then put 36 back into the sentence: 27 + 36 = 63, which is correct. Example: 45 + t = 80, so t = 80 − 45 = 35. Watch out: write the answer as: the value of k is 36.

未知数在前面 = anu di depan 未知数放在前面或后面都一样处理：h + 58 = 91，总数 91 减去已知的 58，得到 h = 33。因为加法可以交换次序，h + 58 和 58 + h 是一样的。 例子：w + 250 = 900 → w = 900 − 250 = 650。 注意：是用总数减已知数，不是已知数减总数。

unknown at the front = anu di depan An unknown at the front is solved the same way: h + 58 = 91, so take the known 58 from the total 91 and get h = 33. In addition the order can be swapped, so h + 58 is the same as 58 + h. Example: w + 250 = 900, so w = 900 − 250 = 650. Watch out: subtract the known number from the total, not the other way round.

求 n = cari nilai n 这是加法算式，未知数 n 是其中一个加数，总数已经知道。求加法里的未知数要用减法：n = 总数 − 已知的加数。算完以后，把答案放回原式相加，看看是不是等于总数。 例子：38 + n = 100 → n = 100 − 38 = 62；验算 38 + 62 = 100。 注意：从 100 减的时候个位是 0，要从左边借位；如果把两个数加起来，得到的数会比总数还大，一定不对。

find n = cari nilai n This is an addition sentence where n is one of the numbers added and the total is known. To find an unknown in addition, subtract: n = total − known number. Then put your answer back and add to check. Example: 38 + n = 100, so n = 100 − 38 = 62; check 38 + 62 = 100. Watch out: subtracting from 100 needs regrouping because the ones digit is 0, and adding the two numbers would give something bigger than the total.

四位数的未知数 = anu nombor empat digit 未知数 w 在前面也一样：w 加上已知的数等于总数，所以 w = 总数 − 已知的数。可以用竖式，也可以分两步心算：先减千，再减百和十。最后把 w 和已知的数加起来检查。 例子：y + 1 300 = 5 000 → 先 5 000 − 1 000 = 4 000，再减 300 → y = 3 700；验算 3 700 + 1 300 = 5 000。 注意：分两步减时，两步都要是“减”，不要第二步变成加。

an unknown with four digits = anu nombor empat digit The unknown w is at the front, but the method is the same: w plus the known number gives the total, so w = total − known number. Use columns, or subtract in two steps: the thousands first, then the rest. Then add back to check. Example: y + 1 300 = 5 000: 5 000 − 1 000 = 4 000, then − 300 gives y = 3 700; check 3 700 + 1 300 = 5 000. Watch out: when subtracting in two steps, both steps are subtractions; do not add in the second step.