Unit 14
Akal Pintar
Kelas Merah dan kelas Biru mengutip 23 614 tin kitar semula.
Kelas Hijau dan kelas Kuning mengutip 38 157 tin.
Kita tidak tahu kutipan setiap kelas. Berapakah tin yang dikutip oleh empat kelas?
分组相加 = tambah secara berkumpulan
题目没有告诉我们每一班各收了多少个罐子，只告诉我们两组班级合起来的数量。其实不用知道每一班的数，只要把两组的数量当成两个数加起来，就是四个班的总数。
例子：甲乙两队共 20 分，丙丁两队共 30 分，四队一共 20 + 30 = 50 分。
注意：不要去猜每一班收了多少，题目的资料不够猜，也不需要猜。
add in groups = tambah secara berkumpulan
The question does not say how many cans each class collected; it only gives the totals of two groups of classes. We do not need each class: add the two group totals like two numbers to get the total for all four classes.
Example: if two teams scored 20 points together and two other teams scored 30, the four teams scored 20 + 30 = 50.
Watch out: do not try to guess each class; there is not enough information, and you do not need it.
Cara
Tambah dua jumlah itu
(Merah + Biru) + (Hijau + Kuning)
(Merah + Biru) + (Hijau + Kuning) = 23 614 + 38 157
| 1 | 1 | ||||
| 2 | 3 | 6 | 1 | 4 | |
| + | 3 | 8 | 1 | 5 | 7 |
| 6 | 1 | 7 | 7 | 1 |
把一组当一个数 = anggap satu kumpulan sebagai satu nombor
红班加蓝班是一个整体，等于 23 614；绿班加黄班也是一个整体，等于 38 157。加法的次序和分组可以改变而和不变，所以四个班的总数就是两个整体相加。
例子：若 P + Q = 1 500、R + S = 2 500，四个数的和是 4 000。
注意：竖式计算时仍要按数位对齐、满十进位。
treat a group as one number = anggap satu kumpulan sebagai satu nombor
Red plus Blue is one block equal to 23 614, and Green plus Yellow is another block equal to 38 157. In addition we can change the order and grouping without changing the total, so the four classes together are the two blocks added.
Example: if P + Q = 1 500 and R + S = 2 500, the four numbers add up to 4 000.
Watch out: in the column sum, still line up the places and carry when needed.
Terbalikkan
Jika jumlah semua diberi
E + F + G + H = 60 000 dan E + F = 22 318
G + H = 60 000 − 22 318
| 5 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 10 | |
| 6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| − | 2 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 8 |
| 3 | 7 | 6 | 8 | 2 |
反过来求 = cari secara songsang
如果知道四个数的总和和其中一组的和，另一组就用减法求：总和 − 已知的一组 = 另一组。
例子：总和 5 000，其中一组是 1 800，另一组就是 3 200。
注意：60 000 连续有几个 0，减的时候要一路借位。
work backwards = cari secara songsang
If we know the total of all four numbers and the sum of one group, the other group is found by subtraction: total − known group = other group.
Example: a total of 5 000 with one group of 1 800 leaves 3 200 for the other group.
Watch out: 60 000 has several zeros, so you must regroup all the way along.
Cuba
Dua gerai pagi menjual 9 406 biji kuih. Dua gerai petang menjual 41 587 biji kuih. Berapakah kuih yang dijual oleh empat gerai itu?
两组相加 = tambah dua kumpulan
题目只告诉我们两组摊位各自合起来卖了多少，没有说每一个摊位卖多少。要求四个摊位一共卖多少，就把两组的数量当成两个数相加，用竖式按数位对齐，满十进位。
例子：两个上午摊卖了 700 个，两个下午摊卖了 300 个，四个摊一共 700 + 300 = 1 000 个。
注意：“一共”要用加法，不是减法；位数不同的两个数要按个位对齐。
add the two groups = tambah dua kumpulan
We only know how many each group of two stalls sold. To find the total for all four stalls, add the two group totals in columns, lining up the places and carrying when needed.
Example: two morning stalls sold 700 and two afternoon stalls sold 300, so the four stalls sold 700 + 300 = 1 000.
Watch out: a total means adding, not subtracting, and numbers with different lengths line up at the ones.
Ringkasan