Unit 1
Kenal dan Tulis Nombor
Pesta Buku Kota Kinabalu dikunjungi 36 482 orang pelawat.
tiga puluh enam ribu empat ratus lapan puluh dua
五位数 = nombor lima digit
这个单元要学会用马来文读出、说出和写出十万以内的数。五位数最左边是万位（puluh ribu），接着是千位、百位、十位和个位。画面上的访客人数就是一个五位数。
例子：25 000 读作 dua puluh lima ribu，意思是两万五千。
注意：数字中间的空格只是把千位和百位隔开，方便阅读，它仍然是同一个数。
five-digit number = nombor lima digit
In this unit we read, say and write numbers up to 100 000 in Malay. A five-digit number starts with the ten thousands (puluh ribu), then the thousands, hundreds, tens and ones. The number of visitors on this screen is a five-digit number.
Example: 25 000 is read as dua puluh lima ribu.
Watch out: the space inside a number only separates the thousands from the hundreds; it is still one number.
Nilai tempat
Lima tempat untuk lima digit
36 482
万位 = puluh ribu；千位 = ribu；百位 = ratus；十位 = puluh；个位 = sa
五位数有五个数位。马来文没有“万”这个字，所以万位叫 puluh ribu（几十个千）。读的时候，万位和千位的数字要合起来当作“几十几 ribu”来读。
例子：72 000 → 万位 7、千位 2 → tujuh puluh dua ribu。
注意：不要把万位和千位分开读成 tujuh puluh ribu dua ribu。
ten thousands = puluh ribu; thousands = ribu; hundreds = ratus; tens = puluh; ones = sa
A five-digit number has five places. Malay has no single word for ten thousand, so this place is called puluh ribu, meaning tens of thousands. The first two digits are read together as one number of thousands.
Example: 72 000 has 7 ten thousands and 2 thousands, so it is tujuh puluh dua ribu.
Watch out: do not read it as tujuh puluh ribu dua ribu.
Cara menyebut
Sebut kumpulan ribu dahulu
Kemudian sebut tiga digit terakhir.
58 214
lima puluh lapan ribu + dua ratus empat belas
先读千组 = sebut kumpulan ribu dahulu
读五位数时，先看空格左边的两位数，把它读成“几十几 ribu”；再读空格右边的三位数，就像读一个普通的三位数一样。两部分连起来就是整个数的读法。
例子：43 175 → 左边 43 读 empat puluh tiga ribu，右边 175 读 seratus tujuh puluh lima。
注意：右边的三位数不要再加 ribu。
say the thousands group first = sebut kumpulan ribu dahulu
To read a five-digit number, look at the two digits before the space and say them as a number of thousands. Then read the three digits after the space like an ordinary three-digit number. Put the two parts together.
Example: 43 175 is empat puluh tiga ribu seratus tujuh puluh lima.
Watch out: do not add ribu to the last three digits.
Pembilang
Nombor pada pembilang
Setiap manik bernilai 1 pada rodnya.
puluh ribu
ribu
ratus
puluh
sa
24 153 · dua puluh empat ribu seratus lima puluh tiga
计数器 = pembilang；杆 = rod
计数器每一根杆代表一个数位，从左到右依次是万位、千位、百位、十位和个位。每根杆上的每一颗珠都只代表 1，所以数一数这根杆上有几颗珠，那个数位的数字就是几。没有珠子的杆就写 0。
例子：五根杆上的珠子依次是 3、0、6、1、2 颗 → 30 612。
注意：计数器的珠子不分上下，每颗都算 1；一根杆最多只有 9 颗珠。
counting frame = pembilang; rod = rod
On a counting frame each rod stands for one place value: ten thousands, thousands, hundreds, tens and ones from left to right. Every bead is worth 1 on its rod, so the number of beads on a rod is the digit for that place. An empty rod shows 0.
Example: rods with 3, 0, 6, 1 and 2 beads show 30 612.
Watch out: unlike the abacus, every bead here counts as 1, and a rod never holds more than 9 beads.
Abakus (pengayaan)
Nombor pada abakus
Satu manik atas bernilai 5, satu manik bawah bernilai 1.
puluh ribu
ribu
ratus
puluh
sa
27 305 · dua puluh tujuh ribu tiga ratus lima
算盘 = abakus；横梁 = palang
这是另一种算盘（拓展），它和计数器不同：每一柱代表一个数位。横梁上面的一颗珠代表 5，下面的每颗珠代表 1。只有靠近横梁的珠子才算数。从左边的万位读到右边的个位，没有珠子靠梁的柱子就是 0。
例子：一柱上珠靠梁、下珠靠梁 3 颗 = 5 + 3 = 8。
注意：离开横梁的珠子不要算进去。
abacus = abakus; beam = palang
On this abacus each rod is one place value. A bead above the beam is worth 5 and each bead below the beam is worth 1. Only beads pushed against the beam are counted. Read from the ten thousands rod on the left to the ones rod on the right.
Example: one top bead and three bottom beads on the beam make 5 + 3 = 8.
Watch out: a rod with no beads touching the beam shows 0.
Nombor dengan sifar
Sifar tidak disebut
Sifar memegang tempat, tetapi tidak disebut.
零 = sifar（占位，不读）
数里的 0 表示那个数位没有东西，它让其他数字站在正确的位置。用马来文读或写的时候，是 0 的数位直接跳过，不说 kosong。不过写成数字时，0 一个都不能少。
例子：70 040 = tujuh puluh ribu empat puluh；千位、百位和个位的 0 都不读。
注意：少写一个 0，数就变了：30 006 写成 3 006 就小了很多。
zero = sifar (it holds a place and is not spoken)
A zero shows that a place is empty and keeps the other digits in the right places. When we read or write the number in Malay words, we skip that place and never say kosong. When we write the numeral, every zero must stay.
Example: 70 040 = tujuh puluh ribu empat puluh.
Watch out: dropping a zero changes the number; 30 006 written as 3 006 is much smaller.
Perkataan istimewa
sepuluh · sebelas · belas · seratus
Awalan se- bermaksud satu.
一万 = sepuluh ribu；十万 = seratus ribu
马来文里“一”常常不说 satu，而是变成前缀 se-，放在单位前面。所以一十读 sepuluh，十一读 sebelas，一百读 seratus。把这些词放在 ribu 前面，就得到一万、一万一千和十万的读法。十二千到十九千都用 belas 来读，意思是“十几”。
例子：18 000 = lapan belas ribu，就是十八个千；16 000 = enam belas ribu，就是十六个千。
注意：十万是六位数，读作 seratus ribu，千万不要和一万（sepuluh ribu）混淆。
ten thousand = sepuluh ribu; one hundred thousand = seratus ribu
In Malay the word for one is often the prefix se-: 10 is sepuluh, 11 is sebelas and 100 is seratus. So 10 000 is sepuluh ribu, 11 000 is sebelas ribu, 12 000 to 19 000 use belas, and 100 000 is seratus ribu.
Example: 18 000 = lapan belas ribu; 16 000 = enam belas ribu.
Watch out: 100 000 has six digits, so it is not sepuluh ribu.
Semak cepat
Pilih nama nombor bagi 52 040.
读数 = baca nombor
题目给一个五位数，要你找出它的马来文读法。先看空格左边的两位数，读成“几十几 ribu”；再看右边的三位数，逐位检查百位、十位和个位，是 0 的数位就跳过不读。最后把两段接起来，和每个选项逐字比较。
例子：63 070 → enam puluh tiga ribu + tujuh puluh = enam puluh tiga ribu tujuh puluh。
注意：百位是 0 时，读法里不能出现 ratus；五位数的读法一定以“几十几 ribu”开头。
read a number = baca nombor
The question gives a five-digit number and asks for its Malay name. Say the two digits before the space as a number of thousands, then check the hundreds, tens and ones of the last three digits one by one and skip every zero. Join the two parts and compare word by word.
Example: 63 070 is enam puluh tiga ribu + tujuh puluh = enam puluh tiga ribu tujuh puluh.
Watch out: if the hundreds digit is 0, the word ratus must not appear, and a five-digit name always starts with tens of thousands.
Bina perkataan
Tulis 64 019 dalam perkataan.
用文字写数 = tulis nombor dalam perkataan
这一题要你按次序点卡片，拼出一个五位数的马来文写法。先拼空格左边的“几十几 ribu”，再拼右边的三位数。右边三位数如果以 0 开头，就没有 ratus；十位和个位合起来是 11 到 19 时，要用 belas。多出来的卡片不用。
例子：27 016 = dua puluh tujuh ribu enam belas。
注意：有些卡片是故意放的陷阱，用之前先问自己：这个数位真的有数吗？
write a number in words = tulis nombor dalam perkataan
Tap the cards in order to build the Malay name of a five-digit number. Build the thousands part first, then the last three digits. If those start with 0 there is no ratus, and a tens-and-ones pair from 11 to 19 uses belas. Some cards are not needed.
Example: 27 016 = dua puluh tujuh ribu enam belas.
Watch out: some cards are traps, so before tapping one ask whether that place really has a digit.
Tulis dalam angka
lapan puluh ribu tiga ratus tujuh
用数字写数 = tulis nombor dalam angka
题目用马来文写出一个数，要你找出它的数字写法。以 ribu 这个字为界，把文字分成前后两段：前段是几十几个千，写在空格左边；后段写成三位数，放在空格右边。后段不满三位时，空着的数位要补 0。
例子：sembilan puluh satu ribu lima puluh → 91 和 050 → 91 050。
注意：“几十 ribu”是几十个千，写成两位数；千位没有数时也要写 0。
write a number in numerals = tulis nombor dalam angka
The question gives a number in Malay words. Split the words at ribu. The words before ribu give the two digits before the space; the words after ribu give the last three digits, and any empty place is filled with 0.
Example: sembilan puluh satu ribu lima puluh → 91 and 050 → 91 050.
Watch out: puluh ribu means tens of thousands, so it needs two digits; if the thousands place is empty it still needs a 0.
Cari kesilapan
Siapakah yang menulis 17 250 dengan betul?
找错 = cari kesilapan
三个人写了同一个数，要你找出谁写对了。先自己把题目的数读一遍：左边两位读成“几十几 ribu”，右边三位读成普通三位数。然后把每个人的写法分成 ribu 前、ribu 后两段，逐段对照。
例子：13 480 = tiga belas ribu empat ratus lapan puluh；常见错法是写成 tiga puluh ribu……。
注意：belas 表示十几，puluh 表示几十，两个字一换，数就差很多；后三位也要检查有没有漏掉 ratus。
find the mistake = cari kesilapan
Three pupils wrote the same number and you must find who is right. Read the number yourself first, then split each answer at the word ribu and check both parts against your reading.
Example: 13 480 = tiga belas ribu empat ratus lapan puluh; a common mistake is to write tiga puluh ribu instead.
Watch out: belas means ten-something while puluh means tens, so swapping them changes the number a lot; also check that no hundreds were dropped.
Padankan
Padankan angka dengan perkataan
配对 = padankan
左边是数字，右边是马来文写法，要把意思相同的配成一对。每次点一个数，先在心里读出来：先读千组，再读后三位；然后到右边找写法完全一样的卡片。配好的会消失，剩下的选择就越来越少。
例子：38 204 读 tiga puluh lapan ribu dua ratus empat，就要找有 dua ratus empat 的卡。
注意：看清 belas 和 puluh；有 0 的数，读法会比别的短，别选到多了 ratus 的卡。
match = padankan
The left column has numerals and the right column has Malay names. Tap a number, read it in your head (thousands group first, then the last three digits) and find the card that says exactly that. Matched cards disappear, so the choices get fewer.
Example: 38 204 is tiga puluh lapan ribu dua ratus empat, so look for a card ending in dua ratus empat.
Watch out: check belas and puluh carefully; numbers with zeros have shorter names, so avoid a card with an extra ratus.
Ringkasan
Syabas!
36 482
Sebut kumpulan ribu dahulu, kemudian tiga digit terakhir. Sifar tidak disebut.
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