Setiap pagi Matahari terbit di sebelah timur dan terbenam di sebelah barat. Setiap tahun kita menyambut hari jadi sekali. Kedua-duanya berkaitan dengan pergerakan Bumi.
地球的自转与公转 = putaran dan peredaran bumi
地球同时做两种运动：绕着自己的轴转（自转），和绕着太阳转（公转）。这个单元学习两者的方向、时间，以及自转带来的现象。
例子：太阳每天东升西落；我们每年过一次生日。
注意：自转和公转是两回事，最常被混淆。
rotation and revolution = putaran dan peredaran bumi
The Earth moves in two ways at once: spinning on its axis (rotation) and travelling round the Sun (revolution). This unit covers their directions, times and the effects of rotation.
Example: the Sun rises in the east and sets in the west every day; we celebrate a birthday once a year.
Watch out: rotation and revolution are different and often confused.
Kenali
Berputar dan beredar
Bumi berputar pada paksinya dari barat ke timur (arah lawan jam). Bumi juga beredar mengelilingi Matahari mengikut orbit dalam arah lawan jam.
putaran – pada paksi, barat ke timur, 24 jam
peredaran – mengelilingi Matahari, 365¼ hari
Contoh: Satu putaran lengkap mengambil masa 24 jam (1 hari). Satu peredaran lengkap mengambil masa 1 tahun (365¼ hari).
rotation and revolution = berputar dan beredar
The Earth rotates (berputar) on its axis (paksi, an imaginary line through the North and South Poles) from west to east (anticlockwise), taking 24 hours or one day. It also revolves (beredar) round the Sun along its orbit (orbit), anticlockwise, taking one year, about 365¼ days.
Example: one rotation is a day; one revolution is a year.
Watch out: the Earth turns west to east, which is why the Sun seems to move east to west.
matching = padankan
One rotation takes 24 hours; one revolution takes 365¼ days; the Earth rotates west to east.
Example: a year has 365 days, with a leap year every four years.
Watch out: separate rotation from revolution first.
Fahami
Kesan putaran Bumi
Putaran Bumi menyebabkan: siang dan malam; perubahan kedudukan Matahari sepanjang hari; dan perubahan panjang serta arah bayang-bayang.
Contoh: Pada waktu pagi bayang-bayang tiang bendera panjang ke arah barat; pada waktu tengah hari bayang-bayangnya paling pendek.
自转的效果 = kesan putaran
地球自转造成三个现象：白天和黑夜（面向太阳的一边是白天）；太阳在天空的位置一天里不断改变；影子的长短和方向也跟着改变。
例子：早上旗杆的影子长长地指向西边，中午影子最短。
注意：白天黑夜是自转造成的，不是公转。
effects of rotation = kesan putaran
Rotation causes three things: day and night (the side facing the Sun has day); the Sun's position changing through the day; and shadows changing in length and direction.
Example: in the morning a flagpole's shadow is long and points west; at noon it is shortest.
Watch out: day and night come from rotation, not revolution.
Semak kefahaman
Apakah yang menyebabkan siang dan malam?
白天黑夜的原因 = punca siang dan malam
一个白天加一个黑夜刚好是 24 小时。哪一种运动也是 24 小时？
例子：用地球仪和手电筒可以模拟白天黑夜。
注意：公转要一年，跟一天的白天黑夜无关。
cause of day and night = punca siang dan malam
One day plus one night is exactly 24 hours. Which movement also takes 24 hours?
Example: a globe and a torch can model day and night.
Watch out: revolution takes a year, so it is not about daily day and night.
Fikir
Bilakah bayang-bayang tiang bendera paling pendek?
影子最短 = bayang paling pendek
太阳在头顶正上方时，影子最短；太阳在低处时，影子最长。一天里太阳什么时候最高？
例子：中午在操场上，自己的影子几乎就在脚下。
注意：早上和傍晚太阳低，影子长。
shortest shadow = bayang paling pendek
When the Sun is overhead, shadows are shortest; when it is low, they are longest. When is the Sun highest in the day?
Example: at noon on the field, your shadow is almost under your feet.
Watch out: the Sun is low in the morning and evening, so shadows are long.
Ringkasan
Syabas!
Putaran dan peredaran Bumi
Bumi berputar pada paksinya dari barat ke timur dalam 24 jam dan beredar mengelilingi Matahari dalam 365¼ hari. Putaran menyebabkan siang dan malam serta perubahan kedudukan Matahari dan bayang-bayang.
