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Unit 2 · Haiwan Vertebrata dan Haiwan Invertebrata
Unit 12

Haiwan Vertebrata dan Haiwan Invertebrata

Di muzium, Aiman melihat rangka seekor harimau dan seekor siput.
Rangka harimau mempunyai tulang belakang yang panjang.
Siput pula langsung tiada tulang.

Haiwan Vertebrata dan Haiwan Invertebrata
脊椎动物与无脊椎动物 = vertebrata dan invertebrata 动物可以按有没有脊椎骨（tulang belakang）分成两大类。这个单元学习两类的分别，以及脊椎动物的五个小类和它们的特征。 例子：老虎有脊椎骨，蜗牛没有。 注意：有没有脊椎骨是唯一的分类标准。
vertebrates and invertebrates = vertebrata dan invertebrata Animals can be split into two big groups by whether they have a backbone (tulang belakang). This unit covers the difference and the five groups of vertebrates and their features. Example: a tiger has a backbone; a snail does not. Watch out: having a backbone or not is the only rule for this grouping.
Kenali

Vertebrata dan invertebrata

Haiwan vertebrata mempunyai tulang belakang. Haiwan invertebrata tidak mempunyai tulang belakang.

Contoh: Vertebrata: ikan, katak, ular, ayam, kucing. Invertebrata: siput, cacing, labah-labah, sotong, rama-rama.

两大类 = dua kumpulan 有脊椎骨的叫脊椎动物（haiwan vertebrata），没有脊椎骨的叫无脊椎动物（haiwan invertebrata）。 例子：鱼、青蛙、蛇、鸡、猫是脊椎动物；蜗牛、蚯蚓、蜘蛛、墨鱼、蝴蝶是无脊椎动物。 注意：墨鱼虽然叫“鱼”，其实没有脊椎骨。
two groups = dua kumpulan Animals with a backbone are vertebrates (haiwan vertebrata); those without are invertebrates (haiwan invertebrata). Example: fish, frogs, snakes, chickens and cats are vertebrates; snails, worms, spiders, squid and butterflies are invertebrates. Watch out: squid has no backbone even though it lives in the sea like a fish.
Pilih semua

Pilih semua haiwan invertebrata.

找无脊椎动物 = cari invertebrata 逐一想：哪些动物身体里没有脊椎骨？鸟和鱼都有脊椎骨。这题有几个答案。 例子：水母和蜈蚣也是无脊椎动物。 注意：墨鱼住在海里，但不是鱼类。
finding invertebrates = cari invertebrata Think about each: which animals have no backbone? Birds and fish both have one. There are several answers. Example: jellyfish and centipedes are also invertebrates. Watch out: squid lives in the sea but is not a fish.
Kenali

Lima kumpulan vertebrata

Haiwan vertebrata dikelaskan kepada lima kumpulan berdasarkan ciri khusus:

  • mamalia – berbulu halus, beranak
  • burung – berbulu pelepah, bertelur
  • reptilia – bersisik atau berkulit keras
  • amfibia – kulit lembap
  • ikan – bersisik, insang

Contoh: Penyu bersisik, bertelur dan bernafas dengan peparu, jadi ia ialah reptilia.

五类脊椎动物 = lima kumpulan 脊椎动物分成五类：哺乳类（mamalia）——身上有细毛、多数胎生、喂奶、用肺；鸟类（burung）——有羽毛、生蛋、用肺；爬行类（reptilia）——有鳞片、多数生蛋、用肺；两栖类（amfibia）——皮肤湿滑、在水里生蛋；鱼类（ikan）——有鳞、用鳃、在水里生蛋。 例子：海龟有鳞片、生蛋、用肺，所以是爬行类。 注意：要从呼吸器官、繁殖方式和身体覆盖物一起判断。
five vertebrate groups = lima kumpulan Vertebrates fall into five groups: mammals (mamalia) with fine hair, mostly giving birth and feeding milk, using lungs; birds (burung) with feathers, laying eggs, using lungs; reptiles (reptilia) with scales, mostly laying eggs, using lungs; amphibians (amfibia) with moist skin, laying eggs in water; fish (ikan) with scales, gills and eggs in water. Example: a turtle has scales, lays eggs and uses lungs, so it is a reptile. Watch out: judge by breathing organ, reproduction and body covering together.
Padankan

Padankan haiwan dengan kumpulannya

配对类别 = padankan kumpulan 鳄鱼有硬鳞，是爬行类；青蛙皮肤湿滑，是两栖类；鸽子有羽毛，是鸟类。 例子：蜥蜴也是爬行类。 注意：先看身体表面是鳞、湿皮还是羽毛。
matching groups = padankan kumpulan A crocodile has hard scales: reptile. A frog has moist skin: amphibian. A pigeon has feathers: bird. Example: a lizard is also a reptile. Watch out: look first at whether the body has scales, moist skin or feathers.
Fahami

Mamalia yang istimewa

Ikan paus hidup di laut tetapi ialah mamalia kerana beranak dan menyusukan anak. Kelawar boleh terbang tetapi juga mamalia. Platipus ialah mamalia yang bertelur.

Contoh: Walaupun kelawar terbang seperti burung, badannya berbulu halus, bukan berbulu pelepah.

特别的哺乳动物 = mamalia istimewa 鲸鱼住在海里，但它胎生、喂奶、用肺呼吸，所以是哺乳类；蝙蝠会飞，但身上是细毛，也是哺乳类；鸭嘴兽（platipus）是会生蛋的哺乳动物。 例子：蝙蝠会飞，可是身体有细毛，没有羽毛。 注意：不能只看住在哪里或会不会飞。
special mammals = mamalia istimewa A whale lives in the sea but gives birth, feeds milk and uses lungs, so it is a mammal; a bat flies but has fine hair, so it is a mammal too; the platypus (platipus) is a mammal that lays eggs. Example: a bat flies like a bird, but its body has fine hair, not feathers. Watch out: do not judge only by where an animal lives or whether it flies.
Fikir

Mengapakah ikan paus dikelaskan sebagai mamalia?

为什么是哺乳类 = mengapa mamalia 决定一种动物是不是哺乳类，要看它怎样繁殖、怎样喂养孩子，而不是住在哪里或体型大小。 例子：海豚也胎生、喂奶，所以是哺乳类。 注意：住在海里不代表是鱼类。
why a mammal = mengapa mamalia Whether an animal is a mammal depends on how it reproduces and feeds its young, not where it lives or how big it is. Example: dolphins also give birth and feed milk, so they are mammals. Watch out: living in the sea does not make it a fish.
Ringkasan

Syabas!

Vertebrata dan invertebrata

Vertebrata mempunyai tulang belakang dan terbahagi kepada mamalia, burung, reptilia, amfibia dan ikan. Invertebrata tiada tulang belakang. Paus, kelawar dan platipus ialah mamalia.

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