Unit 9

Perkumuhan dan Penyahtinjaan

Pada hari yang panas, badan kita berpeluh.
Kita juga perlu ke tandas beberapa kali sehari.
Mengapakah badan perlu membuang bahan-bahan ini?

排泄与排遗 = perkumuhan dan penyahtinjaan 身体每天都会产生废物，必须排出去，身体才会健康。排泄和排遗是两种不同的过程，这个单元要分清楚它们，并认识负责的器官。例子：天气热时我们会流汗，这是排泄的一种。注意：排泄和排遗不是同一回事。

excretion and defecation = perkumuhan dan penyahtinjaan The body makes waste every day that must be removed to stay healthy. Excretion and defecation are two different processes; this unit separates them and names the organs involved. Example: sweating on a hot day is one kind of excretion. Watch out: excretion and defecation are not the same thing.

Kenali

Perkumuhan dan penyahtinjaan

Perkumuhan ialah proses menyingkirkan bahan kumuh dari badan. Penyahtinjaan ialah proses menyingkirkan tinja (sisa makanan yang tidak dicerna) melalui dubur.

Contoh: Air kencing dan peluh ialah bahan kumuh. Tinja bukan bahan kumuh, tetapi sisa makanan.

两者的分别 = beza 排泄（perkumuhan）是把身体代谢产生的废物排出，例如尿、汗、二氧化碳。排遗（penyahtinjaan）是把没有被消化的食物残渣，也就是粪便（tinja），经肛门（dubur）排出。例子：尿和汗是排泄物；粪便是食物残渣。注意：粪便不是排泄物，这是最常考的陷阱。

the difference = beza Excretion (perkumuhan) removes waste made by the body, such as urine, sweat and carbon dioxide. Defecation (penyahtinjaan) removes undigested food remains, the faeces (tinja), through the anus (dubur). Example: urine and sweat are excretory products; faeces are food remains. Watch out: faeces are not an excretory product; this is a common trap.

Kenali

Organ perkumuhan dan hasilnya

Setiap organ perkumuhan menyingkirkan bahan kumuh tertentu. Tinja pula disingkirkan melalui dubur (penyahtinjaan).

Perkumuhan: ginjal → air kencing
kulit → peluh
peparu → karbon dioksida dan wap air
Penyahtinjaan: dubur → tinja

Contoh: Selepas bermain di bawah panas, kulit Siti basah dengan peluh.

排泄器官与排泄物 = organ dan hasilnya 肾脏（ginjal）排出尿（air kencing）；皮肤（kulit）排出汗（peluh）；肺（peparu）排出二氧化碳和水蒸气。粪便不是排泄物，它经肛门排出，属于排遗。例子：Siti 在太阳下玩耍后，皮肤湿湿的都是汗。注意：肺既是呼吸器官，也是排泄器官。

organs and their products = organ dan hasilnya The kidneys (ginjal) remove urine (air kencing); the skin (kulit) removes sweat (peluh); the lungs (peparu) remove carbon dioxide and water vapour. Faeces are not excretory products; they leave through the anus, which is defecation. Example: after playing in the sun, Siti's skin is wet with sweat. Watch out: the lungs are both a breathing organ and an excretory organ.

Padankan

Padankan organ dengan bahan yang disingkirkan

配对器官 = padankan organ 肾脏制造尿；皮肤冒汗；肺在呼气时排出二氧化碳。一个一个配对。例子：运动后流汗是皮肤在工作。注意：不要把肺只当成呼吸器官。

matching organs = padankan organ The kidneys make urine; the skin sweats; the lungs give out carbon dioxide when we breathe out. Match them one by one. Example: sweating after exercise is the skin at work. Watch out: do not think of the lungs only as breathing organs.

Semak kefahaman

Bahan manakah disingkirkan melalui proses penyahtinjaan?

排遗排什么 = penyahtinjaan 排遗是排出没有消化的食物残渣，经过肛门。三个答案里哪一个是食物残渣？例子：吃太少纤维，排遗会比较困难。注意：汗和尿属于排泄。

what defecation removes = penyahtinjaan Defecation removes undigested food remains through the anus. Which of the three is food remains? Example: eating too little fibre makes defecation harder. Watch out: sweat and urine belong to excretion.

Amalan sihat

Kepentingan perkumuhan dan penyahtinjaan

Bahan kumuh dan tinja yang tidak disingkirkan boleh menjadi toksik dan menyebabkan penyakit seperti batu karang dan sembelit.

Contoh: Minum air yang cukup dan makan sayur-sayuran membantu badan menyingkirkan bahan buangan dengan lancar.

重要性 = kepentingan 废物和粪便如果留在身体里，会变成毒素，引起疾病。常常憋尿可能导致肾结石（batu karang）；排便困难叫便秘（sembelit）。例子：多喝水、多吃蔬菜水果，帮助身体顺利排出废物。注意：想上厕所时不要一直忍着。

why it matters = kepentingan Waste and faeces kept in the body can become toxic and cause illness. Often holding urine may lead to kidney stones (batu karang); difficulty passing faeces is constipation (sembelit). Example: drinking enough water and eating vegetables help the body remove waste smoothly. Watch out: do not keep holding it when you need the toilet.

Pilih semua

Pilih semua amalan yang membantu perkumuhan dan penyahtinjaan.

健康习惯 = amalan sihat 想一想哪些习惯能帮助身体排出废物：喝水、吃纤维、运动；哪些习惯对身体不好。这题有几个答案。例子：每天喝六到八杯水。注意：憋尿和天天吃油炸食物都不健康。

healthy habits = amalan sihat Think which habits help the body remove waste: drinking water, eating fibre, exercising; and which are harmful. There are several answers. Example: drink six to eight glasses of water a day. Watch out: holding urine and eating fried food daily are unhealthy.

Ringkasan

Syabas!

Perkumuhan dan penyahtinjaan

Ginjal, kulit dan peparu menyingkirkan bahan kumuh: air kencing, peluh, karbon dioksida dan wap air. Penyahtinjaan menyingkirkan tinja melalui dubur. Kedua-duanya mengelakkan toksik terkumpul.

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