Unit 13

Kesederhanaan

Jamuan kejiranan Lorong Cempaka diadakan pada petang Sabtu.
Di meja makanan ada papan tanda: “Ambil makanan mengikut keperluan. Elak pembaziran.”
Mengapakah pesanan ini penting?

kesederhanaan = 节制、适度节制就是做事不过分，用钱、吃东西、打扮都刚刚好，符合自己的需要和能力。这个单元学习和邻居相处时保持节制：不浪费、不炫耀、懂得储蓄，也分清“需要”和“想要”。例子：邻里聚餐的告示写着“按需要拿食物，避免浪费”。注意：节制不是吝啬，也不是过得很苦。

moderation = kesederhanaan Moderation means not overdoing things: spending, eating and dressing just right for our needs and means. This unit covers moderation with neighbours: avoiding waste, not showing off, saving money and telling needs from wants. Example: the sign at the neighbourhood dinner says, 'Take food according to your needs. Avoid waste.' Watch out: moderation is not stinginess, nor living in hardship.

Kenali

Tidak membazir semasa jamuan

Bersederhana semasa jamuan bermaksud mengambil makanan secukupnya dan menghabiskannya. Kita tidak membazir.

Contoh: Hana mengambil sedikit nasi dan lauk dahulu. Selepas habis, barulah dia menambah sedikit lagi.

聚餐不浪费 = tidak membazir semasa jamuan 在聚餐时，节制就是拿自己吃得完的分量，吃完再添，不要一次拿一大盘最后倒掉。浪费（membazir）食物，也让后面的人没得吃。例子：哈娜先拿一点饭菜，吃完了才再添一些。注意：看到喜欢的菜，也要想到其他邻居。

no waste at gatherings = tidak membazir semasa jamuan At a gathering, moderation means taking only what you can finish and getting more after you finish, not piling up a plate and throwing the rest away. Wasting (membazir) food also leaves less for the people after you. Example: Hana takes a little rice and dishes first, and only adds a bit more after finishing. Watch out: even when you see a favourite dish, remember the other neighbours.

Semak kefahaman

Di jamuan kejiranan, Hana suka akan mi goreng. Apakah tindakan yang bersederhana?

按需要拿 = ambil ikut keperluan 就算是最喜欢的食物，也要拿自己吃得完的分量。想一想哪一个做法既能吃到，又不浪费、不影响别人。例子：自助餐先拿一小碗汤，喝完再拿。注意：剩下一半丢掉，就是浪费。

taking what you need = ambil ikut keperluan Even with your favourite food, take only what you can finish. Think which action lets you enjoy it without waste or depriving others. Example: at a buffet, take a small bowl of soup first and get more after you finish. Watch out: leaving half and throwing it away is waste.

Fahami

Contoh amalan bersederhana

Bersederhana boleh diamalkan dalam banyak perkara:

berpakaian kemas tanpa perhiasan berlebihan
menggunakan barangan terpakai yang masih elok
menabung wang saku

Contoh: Hana menggunakan semula baju pengakap kakak jirannya yang masih elok dan menyimpan wang saku di dalam tabung.

节制的例子 = contoh bersederhana 节制可以表现在很多地方：打扮整齐就好，不过分装饰（perhiasan diri）；买东西前先想想；使用还好的二手物品（barangan terpakai）；把零用钱存起来（menabung）。例子：哈娜穿邻居姐姐留下、还很新的童军服，把零用钱存进扑满。注意：二手物品要先问清楚别人愿不愿意给，并好好爱惜。

examples of moderation = contoh bersederhana Moderation shows in many ways: dressing neatly without too many accessories (perhiasan diri); thinking before buying; using second-hand items that are still good (barangan terpakai); and saving pocket money (menabung). Example: Hana wears the still-good scout uniform passed down by the girl next door and saves her pocket money in a money box. Watch out: ask first whether someone is happy to give second-hand items, and take good care of them.

Semak kefahaman

Kawan sejiran Hana menawarkan basikal lama yang masih elok kerana dia sudah besar. Apakah tindakan yang bersederhana?

珍惜二手物品 = hargai barangan terpakai 还能用的旧东西，好好使用就是节制，也能省钱。想一想哪一个做法既节省，又珍惜别人的心意。例子：用哥哥留下的书包，洗干净后继续用。注意：拿了却不好好照顾，也是浪费。

valuing second-hand items = hargai barangan terpakai Using old items that still work well is moderation and saves money. Think which action is thrifty and values the giver's kindness. Example: using your brother's old school bag after washing it clean. Watch out: accepting something and not caring for it is also waste.

Fikir

Kebaikan bersederhana

Bersederhana dapat menjimatkan kos dan perbelanjaan. Wang yang disimpan boleh digunakan untuk keperluan penting atau membantu orang lain.

Contoh: Hana menyimpan wang saku selama tiga bulan. Dia dapat membeli buku cerita dan menderma sedikit untuk jiran yang ditimpa banjir.

节制的好处 = kebaikan bersederhana 节制能省下（menjimatkan）开销。存下来的钱，可以用在真正重要的地方，也可以帮助有需要的人；邻居之间也不会互相比较、炫耀，关系更融洽。例子：哈娜存了三个月零用钱，买了故事书，还捐了一点给水灾的邻居。注意：省钱是为了更好地用钱，不是一毛不拔。

benefits of moderation = kebaikan bersederhana Moderation saves (menjimatkan) money. Savings can go to things that really matter or to helping people in need, and neighbours do not compete or show off, so relationships stay pleasant. Example: Hana saves her pocket money for three months, buys a storybook and donates a little to a neighbour hit by floods. Watch out: saving is about using money wisely, not refusing to spend anything.

Semak kefahaman

Apakah kebaikan bersederhana dalam perbelanjaan?

省钱的好处 = kebaikan berjimat 用钱有节制，钱会留下来。想一想：留下来的钱可以用来做什么？例子：省下买零食的钱，用来买需要的文具。注意：节制不是什么都不买，必要的东西还是要买。

the good of thrift = kebaikan berjimat When we spend moderately, money is left over. Think: what can that money be used for? Example: saving the money for snacks to buy stationery you need. Watch out: moderation does not mean buying nothing; necessary things must still be bought.

Amalkan

Bersederhana di majlis hari jadi jiran

Hadiah untuk jiran tidak perlu mahal. Kita memilih hadiah yang berpatutan, berguna dan ikhlas.

Contoh: Hana membuat kad dan membeli sekotak kecil pensel warna yang berpatutan harganya untuk hari jadi jirannya, Grace, dengan wang simpanannya sendiri.

邻居生日会的节制 = bersederhana di majlis hari jadi 送礼物给邻居，不必很贵，选择价钱合理（berpatutan）、实用又真心的礼物就好。比较谁的礼物比较贵，反而会让人有压力。例子：哈娜用自己的存款，替邻居格蕾丝做了卡片，买了一小盒价钱合理的彩色笔。注意：不要为了买贵的礼物向家人吵闹。

moderation at a neighbour's birthday = bersederhana di majlis hari jadi A gift for a neighbour need not be expensive; choose something reasonably priced (berpatutan), useful and sincere. Comparing whose gift costs more only puts pressure on people. Example: with her own savings, Hana makes a card and buys a small, reasonably priced box of colour pencils for her neighbour Grace's birthday. Watch out: do not pester your family to buy an expensive gift.

Semak kefahaman

Hana dijemput ke majlis hari jadi jirannya. Hadiah manakah yang menunjukkan sikap bersederhana?

不太多也不太少 = tidak berlebihan, tidak kedekut 节制是“刚刚好”：太贵是过分，一点心意都不给又太吝啬。想一想哪一个选项刚好在中间。例子：参加朋友的生日会，送一本好书和一张手写卡。注意：节制和吝啬（kedekut）不一样。

not too much, not too little = tidak berlebihan, tidak kedekut Moderation is 'just right': too expensive is excessive, while giving nothing at all is stingy. Think which option sits in the middle. Example: at a friend's birthday party, giving a good book and a handwritten card. Watch out: moderation is different from stinginess (kedekut).

Ingat

Bersederhana di rumah jiran

Apabila berada di rumah jiran, kita menggunakan kemudahan dengan berhemat dan bertingkah laku sederhana.

Contoh: Semasa mengulang kaji di rumah Grace, Hana menutup kipas dan lampu yang tidak digunakan serta tidak meminta makanan berlebihan.

在邻居家的节制 = bersederhana di rumah jiran 去邻居家时，用水、用电、用东西都要节省，举止也要适度：不大声、不乱翻、不一直要东西吃。这样主人会欢迎我们再来。例子：在格蕾丝家温习时，哈娜关掉没用的风扇和灯，也不会一直要零食。注意：别人家的东西，要先问才可以用。

moderation at a neighbour's home = bersederhana di rumah jiran At a neighbour's home, use water, electricity and their things sparingly, and behave moderately: not loud, not rummaging and not asking for food again and again. Then the hosts will welcome us back. Example: while revising at Grace's house, Hana switches off unused fans and lights and does not keep asking for snacks. Watch out: ask before using anything in someone else's home.

Semak kefahaman

Pakaian manakah yang sesuai dan bersederhana untuk majlis rumah terbuka jiran?

穿着的节制 = bersederhana dalam berpakaian 去邻居家做客，穿得整齐干净、适合场合就好，不必每次都买新衣服，也不必打扮得太夸张。例子：参加社区运动会，穿合适的运动服就好。注意：每次都买新衣服，是浪费钱。

moderate dressing = bersederhana dalam berpakaian When visiting a neighbour, neat, clean clothes suited to the occasion are enough; there is no need to buy new clothes every time or to dress too flashily. Example: for a neighbourhood sports day, suitable sportswear is fine. Watch out: buying new clothes for every event wastes money.

Fikir

Keperluan atau kehendak?

Keperluan ialah barang yang benar-benar kita perlukan. Kehendak ialah barang yang kita ingini sahaja. Orang yang bersederhana mendahulukan keperluan.

Contoh: Hana memerlukan kasut sekolah kerana kasut lamanya koyak. Dia mahu jam tangan baharu, tetapi jam lamanya masih elok.

需要还是想要 = keperluan atau kehendak 需要（keperluan）是生活中真正少不了的东西；想要（kehendak）只是喜欢、想拥有的东西。节制的人会先满足需要，想要的东西就等一等、想一想。例子：哈娜的校鞋破了，这是需要；手表还能用，想买新的只是想要。注意：看到朋友有，自己也想要，常常只是想要而已。

need or want = keperluan atau kehendak A need (keperluan) is something we really cannot do without; a want (kehendak) is something we only like and wish to have. A moderate person meets needs first and waits and thinks about wants. Example: Hana's school shoes are torn, so new ones are a need; her watch still works, so a new watch is only a want. Watch out: wanting something just because a friend has it is usually only a want.

Pilih semua

Pilih semua sikap bersederhana.

找出节制的态度 = cari sikap bersederhana 逐一判断：这个行为是适度、节省，还是浪费、过分？丢掉还好的玩具、买贵的东西来炫耀，都不是节制。这题有几个答案。例子：用完水马上关好水龙头。注意：节制同时照顾到钱、东西和资源。

finding moderation = cari sikap bersederhana Judge each one: is it moderate and thrifty, or wasteful and excessive? Throwing away good toys or buying costly things to show off is not moderation. There are several answers. Example: turning off the tap right after using water. Watch out: moderation looks after money, things and resources together.

Ringkasan

Syabas!

Bersederhana bersama jiran

Ambil mengikut keperluan, jangan membazir, berbelanja dengan berhemat, beri hadiah yang berpatutan dan dahulukan keperluan daripada kehendak.

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