Unit 7
Maju Minda
Maju Minda
Ulang kaji semua kemahiran dalam bab Pengurusan Data.
Jawab setiap soalan. Jika salah, baca petunjuk dan cuba lagi.
全章复习 = ulang kaji bab
这一课复习数据处理的全部技能：读象形图和条形图、算符号的数目、比较多少、求总数和百分比、用文字线索推出数值，还有判断全部加分以后的变化。答错的时候，先打开抽屉看方法，再试一次。
例子：看到象形图，第一件事是看图示。
注意：每一题先想清楚要用图里的哪些数字。
chapter revision = ulang kaji bab
This lesson revises every data-handling skill: reading pictographs and bar charts, counting symbols, comparing amounts, finding totals and percentages, working out values from word clues, and seeing what changes when everyone gets extra points. If you get one wrong, open the drawer for the method and try again.
Example: when you see a pictograph, first read its key.
Watch out: for each question, decide which numbers from the chart you need.
Piktograf
Berapakah kek cawan yang dijual pada hari Rabu?
Kek cawan yang dijual
| Isnin | |
|---|---|
| Selasa | |
| Rabu |
mewakili 5 biji kek cawan
读象形图 = baca piktograf
数出那一天的符号个数，再乘以图示的数值。
例子：5 个符号，每个代表 4，就是 20。
注意：只数符号不乘图示，是常见错误。
reading a pictograph = baca piktograf
Count the symbols for that day and multiply by the key's value.
Example: 5 symbols each worth 4 make 20.
Watch out: counting symbols without multiplying by the key is a common mistake.
Piktograf
Harga sebiji kek cawan RM2. Berapakah jumlah wang jualan kek cawan pada hari Rabu?
Kek cawan yang dijual
| Isnin | |
|---|---|
| Selasa | |
| Rabu |
mewakili 5 biji kek cawan
数量乘单价 = bilangan × harga
先从象形图算出那一天卖了几个，再乘以一个的价钱。
例子：卖了 15 个，每个 RM3，共 RM45。
注意：要用真正的数量，不是符号的数目。
quantity times price = bilangan × harga
First use the pictograph to find how many were sold that day, then multiply by the price of one.
Example: 15 sold at RM3 each make RM45.
Watch out: use the real quantity, not the number of symbols.
Piktograf
Pada hari Khamis, 25 biji kek cawan dijual. Berapakah simbol yang perlu dilukis?
Kek cawan yang dijual
| Isnin | |
|---|---|
| Selasa | |
| Rabu |
mewakili 5 biji kek cawan
补画符号 = lukis simbol
真正的数量除以一个符号代表的数值，就是要画的符号数。
例子：一个符号代表 5，35 个画 7 个符号。
注意：先看图示的数值。
drawing symbols = lukis simbol
Divide the real amount by the value of one symbol to get the number of symbols to draw.
Example: with one symbol worth 5, 35 needs 7 symbols.
Watch out: check the key's value first.
Carta palang
Berapakah markah Pasukan Kuning?
读条形图 = baca carta palang
先看刻度：从 0 开始，每一格是多少？再从长条的顶端横着对到纵轴，读出它停在哪一条刻度线上。
例子：每格 5 的刻度上，长条停在写着 25 的线上，就是 25。
注意：不要以为每一格都是 10，要先看清楚刻度。
reading a bar chart = baca carta palang
First check the scale: it starts at 0, but how much is each step? Then follow the top of the bar across to the vertical axis and read which scale line it stops on.
Example: on a scale with steps of 5, a bar stopping on the line labelled 25 is 25.
Watch out: do not assume every step is 10; check the scale first.
Carta palang
Berapakah beza markah antara pasukan tertinggi dengan pasukan terendah?
最高和最低相差 = beza tertinggi dan terendah
先找最高的长条和最矮的长条，读出它们的分数，再用大的减小的。
例子：最高 60，最低 20，相差 40。
注意：相差用减法。
the difference between highest and lowest = beza tertinggi dan terendah
Find the tallest and the shortest bars, read their marks, and subtract the smaller from the bigger.
Example: highest 60 and lowest 20 differ by 40.
Watch out: a difference uses subtraction.
Carta palang
Setiap pasukan diberi 5 markah tambahan. Berapakah jumlah markah semua pasukan kini?
全部加分 = markah tambahan untuk semua
先算原来四队的总分。每一队都加 5 分，一共有几队，总分就增加几个 5。
例子：3 队每队加 2 分，总分多 6 分。
注意：不是只加一次 5。
extra points for everyone = markah tambahan untuk semua
First find the four teams' total before the extra points. Every team gets 5 more, so the total grows by 5 for each team.
Example: if 3 teams each get 2 more, the total rises by 6.
Watch out: do not add 5 only once.
Peratus
Daripada 80 orang murid, 20 orang memilih warna biru. Berapakah peratusnya?
求百分比 = cari peratus
写成部分/总数，再把分母变成 100。可以先约简：分子分母都除以同一个数，再乘到分母是 100。
例子：10/40 = 1/4 = 25/100 = 25%。
注意：分母是总数 80，不是 100。
finding a percentage = cari peratus
Write part over total, then make the denominator 100. You can simplify first by dividing top and bottom by the same number, then multiply up to a denominator of 100.
Example: 10/40 = 1/4 = 25/100 = 25%.
Watch out: the denominator is the total 80, not 100.
Petunjuk
Ali ada 30 keping setem. Bala ada 10 keping lebih daripada Ali. Chen ada 5 keping kurang daripada Bala. Berapakah setem Chen?
关系链 = rantai petunjuk
一步一步来：先用第一条关系求出第二个人，再用第二条关系求出第三个人。“多”是加，“少”是减。
例子：A 有 20，B 比 A 多 4（24），C 比 B 少 6（18）。
注意：第二步要用 Bala 的数，不是 Ali 的数。
a chain of clues = rantai petunjuk
Go one step at a time: use the first relationship to find the second person, then the second relationship to find the third. 'More' means add and 'fewer' means subtract.
Example: A has 20, B has 4 more (24), C has 6 fewer than B (18).
Watch out: the second step uses Bala's number, not Ali's.
Piktograf tidak lengkap
Jumlah kek cawan dalam 4 hari ialah 110 biji. Berapakah simbol bagi hari Khamis?
Kek cawan yang dijual
| Isnin | |
|---|---|
| Selasa | |
| Rabu | |
| Khamis | ? |
mewakili 5 biji kek cawan
补全象形图 = lengkapkan piktograf
第一步：用图示算出已知三天一共多少个。第二步：总数减去它们，得到缺的那一天的数量。第三步：再除以图示的数值，得到符号数。
例子：总数 50，已知 35，缺 15；一个符号代表 5，画 3 个。
注意：第二步的答案还不是符号数。
completing a pictograph = lengkapkan piktograf
Step 1: use the key to find the total for the three known days. Step 2: subtract that from the total to get the missing day. Step 3: divide by the key's value to get the number of symbols.
Example: total 50, known 35, missing 15; with each symbol worth 5, draw 3.
Watch out: the answer to step 2 is not yet the number of symbols.
Ringkasan