Unit 8

Teroka Ria

Kelab Matematik membina peta pokok tentang kadaran untuk sudut matematik.
Setiap cabang menunjukkan satu jenis kuantiti: wang, isi padu cecair, jisim dan panjang.

比例的树状图 = peta pokok kadaran 这一课是一个探索活动。数学学会要做一张树状图，把比例的题目分成四类：钱、液体容量、重量和长度。每一类都用同一个方法——单一法：先求一个，再求很多个。看完树状图后，每一类都要自己做一题。例子：钱的分支可以放“3 个面包 RM6，求 5 个”。注意：四类题目的单位不同，但步骤完全一样。

a tree map of proportion = peta pokok kadaran This lesson is an exploration activity. The Maths Club is making a tree map that sorts proportion problems into four kinds: money, liquid volume, mass and length. Every kind uses the same unitary method: find one first, then find many. After looking at the tree map, you will solve one problem for each kind yourself. Example: the money branch could hold '3 buns cost RM6; find the cost of 5'. Watch out: the four kinds use different units but exactly the same steps.

Peta pokok

Empat cabang kadaran

Langkah sama: bahagi → darab

Kadaran

Wang
5 pensel warna RM6.50
1 → RM1.30
8 → RM10.40

Isi padu cecair
4 kotak susu 1 000 mℓ
1 → 250 mℓ
6 → 1 500 mℓ

Jisim
3 bungkus kacang 450 g
1 → 150 g
7 → 1 050 g

Panjang
6 batang pensel 108 cm
1 → 18 cm
4 → 72 cm

看树状图 = baca peta pokok 树状图最上面写“比例”，下面分成四个分支。每个分支都有一个例子，三行分别是：已知的数量、求出的“一个”、要求的数量。你会发现四个例子都是先除后乘，只是单位不同：令吉、毫升、克、厘米。例子：长度分支里，6 支铅笔共 108 厘米，先求 1 支 18 厘米，再求 4 支 72 厘米。注意：答案要写回题目用的单位。

reading the tree map = baca peta pokok The top of the tree map says 'Proportion' and below it are four branches. Each branch has one example with three lines: what is known, the value of one, and the amount asked for. All four examples divide first and then multiply; only the units differ: ringgit, millilitres, grams and centimetres. Example: in the length branch, 6 pencils measure 108 cm, so 1 pencil is 18 cm and 4 pencils are 72 cm. Watch out: give each answer in the unit the problem uses.

Cabang wang

4 tiket bas berharga RM9.60. Berapakah harga 7 tiket?

钱的分支 = cabang wang 先用总价除以 4，求出一张车票的价钱；再乘以 7。可以把令吉换成仙来算，最后再换回令吉和仙。例子：3 张门票 RM7.50，1 张 RM2.50，5 张 RM12.50。注意：第二步乘的是要买的张数。

the money branch = cabang wang Divide the total price by 4 to find the price of one ticket, then multiply by 7. You can work in sen and change back to ringgit and sen at the end. Example: 3 entry tickets cost RM7.50, so 1 costs RM2.50 and 5 cost RM12.50. Watch out: in the second step multiply by the number of tickets wanted.

Cabang isi padu

5 gelas sama saiz memuatkan 1 500 mℓ air. Berapakah isi padu air dalam 3 gelas?

容量的分支 = cabang isi padu 先求一杯装多少毫升：总容量除以杯数。再乘以要的杯数。杯数变少，容量也会变少。例子：4 瓶共 2 000 毫升，1 瓶 500 毫升，2 瓶 1 000 毫升。注意：答案用毫升。

the volume branch = cabang isi padu Find how many millilitres one glass holds: total volume ÷ number of glasses. Then multiply by the number of glasses wanted. Fewer glasses means less water. Example: 4 bottles hold 2 000 mℓ, so 1 bottle holds 500 mℓ and 2 bottles hold 1 000 mℓ. Watch out: give the answer in millilitres.

Cabang jisim

Jisim 6 biji epal ialah 960 g. Berapakah jisim 9 biji epal yang sama?

重量的分支 = cabang jisim 先求一颗苹果的重量（总重量除以颗数），再乘以要的颗数。答案可能超过一千克，用克写就可以。例子：4 个橙共 800 克，1 个 200 克，7 个 1 400 克。注意：第一步除的是已知的颗数。

the mass branch = cabang jisim Find the mass of one apple (total mass ÷ number of apples), then multiply by the number wanted. The answer may be more than a kilogram; writing it in grams is fine. Example: 4 oranges weigh 800 g, so 1 orange is 200 g and 7 are 1 400 g. Watch out: in the first step divide by the number you already know.

Cabang panjang

3 helai reben sama panjang berukuran 75 cm. Berapakah panjang 8 helai reben?

长度的分支 = cabang panjang 先求一条丝带多长（总长度除以条数），再乘以要的条数。例子：5 条绳共 60 厘米，1 条 12 厘米，3 条 36 厘米。注意：不要直接用总长度乘以 8。

the length branch = cabang panjang Find the length of one ribbon (total length ÷ number of ribbons), then multiply by the number wanted. Example: 5 strings measure 60 cm, so 1 string is 12 cm and 3 strings are 36 cm. Watch out: do not multiply the total length by 8 straight away.

Ringkasan

Syabas!

wang · isi padu · jisim · panjang

Semua cabang kadaran menggunakan langkah yang sama: bahagi untuk mencari nilai 1 unit, kemudian darab.

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