Tambah dan Tolak Isi Padu Cecair

化成毫升 = tukar kepada mℓ 算式里有毫升，也有“几升几毫升”和整升，先全部化成毫升：一升六百七十五毫升是一千六百七十五毫升，两升是两千毫升。第一步用竖式做减法：个位零不够减五，向十位借；十位、百位也都不够减，要一位一位往前借，最后得七百七十五毫升。第二步再加两千毫升，得两千七百七十五毫升。 例子：1 900 mℓ − 1 ℓ 250 mℓ + 1 ℓ = 1 900 − 1 250 + 1 000 = 1 650 mℓ。 注意：连续借位时，每借一次，前一位就要少一。

change to millilitres = tukar kepada mℓ The sentence has millilitres, litres and millilitres, and whole litres, so change everything into millilitres first: 1 ℓ 675 mℓ is 1 675 mℓ and 2 ℓ is 2 000 mℓ. Step 1 subtracts in columns: the ones 0 cannot take away 5, so borrow from the tens; the tens and hundreds are also too small, so borrow place by place, leaving 775 mℓ. Step 2 adds 2 000 mℓ to make 2 775 mℓ. Example: 1 900 mℓ − 1 ℓ 250 mℓ + 1 ℓ = 1 900 − 1 250 + 1 000 = 1 650 mℓ. Watch out: when you borrow several times in a row, each place you borrow from becomes 1 less.

先减后加 = tolak dahulu, kemudian tambah 加减混合要从左到右算。第一步先减：六升四十毫升减两升六百一十五毫升。毫升栏四十不够减，向升借一升，一升是一千毫升，四十加一千是一千零四十，减六百一十五剩四百二十五；升栏六借走一剩五，减二得三。第二步再加：三升四百二十五毫升加一升二百八十毫升，毫升四百二十五加二百八十是七百零五，没有满一千，不用进位；升三加一是四，结果四升七百零五毫升。 例子：5 ℓ 100 mℓ − 1 ℓ 600 mℓ + 2 ℓ 150 mℓ = 3 ℓ 500 mℓ + 2 ℓ 150 mℓ = 5 ℓ 650 mℓ。 注意：借一升到毫升栏，加的是一千，不是十或一百；加完要看毫升有没有满一千。

subtract first, then add = tolak dahulu, kemudian tambah With addition and subtraction together, work from left to right. Step 1, subtract: 6 ℓ 40 mℓ − 2 ℓ 615 mℓ. The 40 mℓ is not enough, so borrow 1 ℓ as 1 000 mℓ: 1 040 − 615 = 425 mℓ, and the litres become 5, so 5 − 2 = 3. Step 2, add: 3 ℓ 425 mℓ + 1 ℓ 280 mℓ; 425 + 280 = 705 mℓ, which is less than 1 000, so nothing to regroup, and 3 + 1 = 4, giving 4 ℓ 705 mℓ. Example: 5 ℓ 100 mℓ − 1 ℓ 600 mℓ + 2 ℓ 150 mℓ = 3 ℓ 500 mℓ + 2 ℓ 150 mℓ = 5 ℓ 650 mℓ. Watch out: borrowing 1 ℓ adds 1 000 to the mℓ column, not 10 or 100; after adding, check whether the mℓ reach 1 000.

满一千毫升进一升 = kumpul semula 1 000 mℓ 第一步先减：毫升四百不够减七百五十，向升借一升，变成一千四百毫升，减七百五十剩六百五十；升栏九借走一剩八，减三得五。第二步再加：最后一项只有毫升，先把两千九百八十毫升写成两升九百八十毫升，才能和升、毫升对齐。毫升六百五十加九百八十是一千六百三十，满了一千，拿出一千毫升换成一升，毫升栏剩六百三十；升栏五加二再加进来的一升，等于八升。 例子：4 ℓ 300 mℓ − 1 ℓ 600 mℓ + 1 700 mℓ = 2 ℓ 700 mℓ + 1 ℓ 700 mℓ = 4 ℓ 400 mℓ。 注意：毫升栏最后不能留下一千或以上。

regroup 1 000 mℓ = kumpul semula 1 000 mℓ Step 1, subtract: 400 mℓ cannot take away 750 mℓ, so borrow 1 ℓ to make 1 400 mℓ; 1 400 − 750 = 650 mℓ, and the litres become 8, so 8 − 3 = 5. Step 2, add: the last amount has only millilitres, so first write 2 980 mℓ as 2 ℓ 980 mℓ to line up the columns. 650 + 980 = 1 630 mℓ, which is more than 1 000, so change 1 000 mℓ into 1 ℓ and keep 630 mℓ; the litres are 5 + 2 + 1 = 8. Example: 4 ℓ 300 mℓ − 1 ℓ 600 mℓ + 1 700 mℓ = 2 ℓ 700 mℓ + 1 ℓ 700 mℓ = 4 ℓ 400 mℓ. Watch out: the mℓ column must end below 1 000.

答案要用毫升 = jawapan dalam mℓ 第一步先加：毫升三百八十加六百二十刚好一千，换成一升，毫升栏变成零；升栏一加四再加一，等于六升整。第二步再减：六升的毫升栏是零，要先借一升，变成五升一千毫升，再减两升一百六十五毫升，毫升栏一千减一百六十五是八百三十五，升栏五减二是三。题目要毫升，所以最后把三升八百三十五毫升化成三千八百三十五毫升。 例子：2 ℓ 450 mℓ + 550 mℓ − 1 ℓ 120 mℓ = 3 ℓ − 1 ℓ 120 mℓ = 1 ℓ 880 mℓ = 1 880 mℓ。 注意：毫升刚好满一千时，毫升栏要写零，不要空着不管。

answer in millilitres = jawapan dalam mℓ Step 1, add: 380 + 620 = 1 000 mℓ exactly, which becomes 1 ℓ, so the mℓ column is 0 and the litres are 1 + 4 + 1 = 6. Step 2, subtract: 6 ℓ has 0 mℓ, so borrow 1 ℓ to make 5 ℓ 1 000 mℓ, then take away 2 ℓ 165 mℓ: 1 000 − 165 = 835 mℓ and 5 − 2 = 3 ℓ. The question wants millilitres, so change 3 ℓ 835 mℓ into 3 835 mℓ at the end. Example: 2 ℓ 450 mℓ + 550 mℓ − 1 ℓ 120 mℓ = 3 ℓ − 1 ℓ 120 mℓ = 1 ℓ 880 mℓ = 1 880 mℓ. Watch out: when the mℓ make exactly 1 000, write 0 in the mℓ column instead of leaving it blank.

其他容量单位 = unit isi padu yang lain 除了升和毫升，有些地方还在用加仑、夸脱和品脱来表示容量。这些是旧的单位，常常出现在外国的油漆罐、牛奶瓶或汽油标签上。缩写分别是 gal、qt 和 pt。马来西亚的学校和商店主要用升和毫升，所以我们计算时都用升和毫升。 例子：一桶外国油漆的标签可能写着 1 gal。 注意：加仑、夸脱、品脱和升不是同一种单位，不能直接相加。

other units of volume = unit isi padu yang lain Besides litres and millilitres, some places still use gallons, quarts and pints to state volume. These older units often appear on paint tins, milk bottles or fuel labels from other countries. Their short forms are gal, qt and pt. In Malaysian schools and shops we mainly use litres and millilitres, so we calculate with ℓ and mℓ. Example: a tin of imported paint may be labelled 1 gal. Watch out: gallons, quarts, pints and litres are different units and cannot simply be added together.

先加后减 = tambah dahulu, kemudian tolak 这题有加号也有减号，要从左到右算：先把前两个容量相加，毫升满一千就换成一升，别忘了把这一升加到升栏；得到的结果再减去最后一个容量，毫升不够减就向升借一千毫升。 例子：2 ℓ 600 mℓ + 1 ℓ 700 mℓ − 1 ℓ 900 mℓ → 4 ℓ 300 mℓ − 1 ℓ 900 mℓ → 2 ℓ 400 mℓ。 注意：看清楚每个容量前面的符号，是加号就加，是减号就减。

add first, then subtract = tambah dahulu, kemudian tolak This sentence has a plus and a minus, so work from left to right: add the first two volumes, and if the mℓ reach 1 000, change them into 1 ℓ and put it in the litres column. Then subtract the last volume from that result, borrowing 1 000 mℓ from the litres if needed. Example: 2 ℓ 600 mℓ + 1 ℓ 700 mℓ − 1 ℓ 900 mℓ → 4 ℓ 300 mℓ − 1 ℓ 900 mℓ → 2 ℓ 400 mℓ. Watch out: look at the sign in front of each volume; add after a plus sign and subtract after a minus sign.

化成毫升再算 = tukar kepada mℓ dahulu 题目要毫升，最方便的是把升先化成毫升：一升是一千毫升。然后从左到右：先减去中间的毫升数，再把最后的毫升数加上去。竖式里要把个位、十位、百位、千位对齐。 例子：5 ℓ − 1 250 mℓ + 300 mℓ → 5 000 − 1 250 = 3 750 → 3 750 + 300 = 4 050 mℓ。 注意：借位时要一位一位检查，千位借走以后要少一。

change to millilitres first = tukar kepada mℓ dahulu The question wants millilitres, so it is easiest to change the litres first: 1 ℓ is 1 000 mℓ. Then go from left to right: subtract the middle amount, then add the last amount. Line up ones, tens, hundreds and thousands in the columns. Example: 5 ℓ − 1 250 mℓ + 300 mℓ → 5 000 − 1 250 = 3 750 → 3 750 + 300 = 4 050 mℓ. Watch out: check each borrow; after borrowing, the thousands digit is 1 less.