Anggaran Jarak

参照距离 = jarak rujukan 先找一段知道的距离：邦加村到达迈镇是 34 km。绿色的线就代表 34 km。以后看到别的线段，就把它和这条绿线比长短，比出大约几倍，再算出估计的距离。 例子：如果绿线代表 10 km，一条和它一样长的线也大约是 10 km。 注意：参照的线段要画在同一个比例上，比较才有意义。

reference distance = jarak rujukan Start with a distance you know: Kg. Bunga to Pekan Damai is 34 km, shown by the green line. When you see another line, compare its length with the green one, find about how many times as long it is, and work out the estimated distance. Example: if the green line stands for 10 km, a line of the same length is also about 10 km. Watch out: the lines must be drawn to the same scale for the comparison to make sense.

大约两倍 = lebih kurang 2 kali 把橙色的线和绿色的线比一比：橙线大约是两条绿线接起来那么长，所以距离大约是 34 km 的两倍。两倍就是乘 2：三十四乘二等于六十八，估计大约 68 km。 例子：参照 15 km，大约两倍就是大约 30 km。 注意：两倍用乘法，不是加 2。

about twice = lebih kurang 2 kali Compare the orange line with the green one: the orange line is about as long as two green lines end to end, so the distance is about twice 34 km. Twice means multiply by 2: 34 × 2 = 68, so the estimate is about 68 km. Example: with a 15 km reference, about twice is about 30 km. Watch out: twice means multiplying by 2, not adding 2.

大约一半 = lebih kurang separuh 橙色的线大约只有绿色线的一半长，所以距离大约是 34 km 的一半。一半就是除以 2：三十四除以二等于十七，估计大约 17 km。 例子：参照 50 km，大约一半就是大约 25 km。 注意：一半用除法，把参照距离平均分成两份。

about half = lebih kurang separuh The orange line is only about half as long as the green line, so the distance is about half of 34 km. Half means dividing by 2: 34 ÷ 2 = 17, so the estimate is about 17 km. Example: with a 50 km reference, about half is about 25 km. Watch out: half means dividing the reference distance into two equal parts.

弯曲的路线 = laluan berliku 地图上的路常常是弯的，不能直接和直线比。方法：沿着弯路一段一段看，每一段大约和参照线段一样长，数一数一共有几段，再用参照距离乘段数。去青峰顶的路大约是三段，三乘三十四等于一百零二，所以大约 102 km。 例子：参照 12 km，弯路大约分成 4 段，距离大约 48 km。 注意：要沿着弯路量，不能只看起点和终点之间的直线。

a winding route = laluan berliku Roads on a map are often winding, so they cannot be compared with a straight line directly. Follow the road part by part, where each part is about as long as the reference line, count the parts, then multiply the reference distance by that number. The road to Puncak Hijau is about three parts: 3 × 34 = 102, so about 102 km. Example: with a 12 km reference and a winding road of about 4 parts, the distance is about 48 km. Watch out: measure along the winding road, not along the straight gap between the two ends.

看图估计 = anggar daripada rajah 先比较两条线的长度：橙线大约是绿线的几倍？是一样长、两倍，还是一半？看出倍数以后，用参照距离乘或除，得到估计的距离。 例子：参照 35 km，另一条线大约两倍长，距离大约 70 km。 注意：先比长短，再计算，不要只看数字猜。

estimating from a diagram = anggar daripada rajah First compare the two lines: about how many times as long as the green line is the orange one? The same, twice, or half? Once you see that, multiply or divide the reference distance to get the estimate. Example: with a 35 km reference and a line about twice as long, the distance is about 70 km. Watch out: compare the lengths before calculating; do not just guess from the numbers.

比参照短 = lebih pendek daripada rujukan 这一次橙线比绿线短。估计它大约是绿线的几分之几，常见的是一半。一半就把参照距离除以 2。算出的结果一定比参照距离小。 例子：参照 90 km，一条大约一半长的线代表大约 45 km。 注意：线变短了，距离不可能比参照更远。

shorter than the reference = lebih pendek daripada rujukan This time the orange line is shorter than the green one. Estimate what part of the green line it is; a common one is half. For half, divide the reference distance by 2. The result must be smaller than the reference. Example: with a 90 km reference, a line about half as long stands for about 45 km. Watch out: a shorter line cannot mean a longer distance than the reference.

文字估计 = anggar daripada ayat 题目没有图，但已经说明了倍数：大约是参照距离的两倍。两倍就是乘 2，把参照距离乘 2 就得到估计值，再加上“大约”。 例子：参照 36 km，大约两倍就是大约 72 km。 注意：“两倍”不是“加二”，也不是“一半”。

estimating from words = anggar daripada ayat There is no diagram, but the question gives the comparison: about twice the reference distance. Twice means multiplying by 2, so double the reference to get the estimate and say about. Example: with a 36 km reference, about twice is about 72 km. Watch out: twice is not adding two, and it is not half.