Unit 22
Maju Minda
Maju Minda
Ulang kaji semua kemahiran dalam bab Masa dan Waktu.
Jawab setiap soalan. Jika salah, baca petunjuk dan cuba lagi.
综合复习 = Maju Minda
这是第四章时间的总复习，题目包括：12 小时制和 24 小时制互换、求时长、估计时间、天和小时、周和天、年和月、dekad 和 abad 的换算，以及时间的加减乘除和应用题。每题答错会有提示，可以再试。
例子：一道题可能要先换单位再相加。
注意：进位和借位要看单位：二十四、七、十二、十、一百或六十。
chapter review = Maju Minda
This is the review for Chapter 4, Time. The questions cover changing between the 12-hour and 24-hour systems, finding durations, estimating time, converting days and hours, weeks and days, years and months, dekad and abad, and adding, subtracting, multiplying and dividing time, plus word problems. A wrong answer shows a hint so you can try again.
Example: a question may need a unit change before adding.
Watch out: regroup and borrow by the unit: 24, 7, 12, 10, 100 or 60.
Sistem 24 jam
7:35 a.m. = ?
上午化 24 小时制 = pagi ke sistem 24 jam
上午的时间不用加十二。把小时写成两位数（一位数前面补零），分钟照抄，前面写 Jam，一共四个数字。
例子：6:10 a.m. → Jam 0610。
注意：少写一个零就只有三位数，不是正确的写法；上午也不能加 12。
a.m. to the 24-hour system = pagi ke sistem 24 jam
Morning times need no 12 added. Write the hour with two digits, putting a 0 in front of a one-digit hour, copy the minutes and write Jam in front: four digits in all.
Example: 6:10 a.m. → Jam 0610.
Watch out: leaving out the zero gives only three digits, and a morning time never has 12 added.
Sistem 24 jam
9:50 p.m. = ?
晚上化 24 小时制 = malam ke sistem 24 jam
题目是 p.m. 的时间，小时要加上十二，分钟不变。算好以后想一想：晚上的时间，24 小时制的数字应该很大，接近一天的尾声。
例子：7:05 p.m. → 7 + 12 = 19 → Jam 1905。
注意：加法要算准，差一点就会差好几个小时。
p.m. to the 24-hour system = malam ke sistem 24 jam
This is a p.m. time, so add 12 to the hour and keep the minutes. Then check: a night-time value in the 24-hour system is large, near the end of the day.
Example: 7:05 p.m. → 7 + 12 = 19 → Jam 1905.
Watch out: add carefully; a small slip moves the time by several hours.
Sistem 12 jam
Jam 0420 = ?
凌晨的时间 = awal pagi
24 小时制的小时小于十二，表示中午以前。换回 12 小时制：去掉小时前面的零，加冒号，写 a.m.。
例子：Jam 0515 → 5:15 a.m.。
注意：12 小时制的小时不会超过十二；中午以前也不会写 p.m.。
early morning = awal pagi
A 24-hour time whose hour is less than 12 is before noon. To change it back, drop the leading zero, add the colon and write a.m.
Example: Jam 0515 → 5:15 a.m.
Watch out: a 12-hour time never has an hour above 12, and a time before noon is never p.m.
Sistem 12 jam
Jam 1833 = ?
傍晚的时间 = waktu senja
小时比十二大，表示中午以后。换回 12 小时制：两位数的小时减去十二，分钟照抄，写 p.m.。
例子：Jam 2010 → 20 − 12 = 8 → 8:10 p.m.。
注意：要用整个两位数减十二，不能只看个位；时段也要写对。
evening = waktu senja
An hour greater than 12 means after noon. To change back, subtract 12 from the two-digit hour, copy the minutes and write p.m.
Example: Jam 2010 → 20 − 12 = 8 → 8:10 p.m.
Watch out: subtract 12 from the whole two-digit hour, not just its last digit, and write the right part of the day.
Tempoh
Tempoh dari Jam 0945 hingga Jam 1312 ialah …
求时长 = cari tempoh
时长 = 结束时间 − 开始时间。把两个 24 小时制时间写成小时和分钟两栏，先减分钟：不够减就借一小时，换成六十分钟；再减小时，记得小时已经少了一。
例子：Jam 1010 − Jam 0850 → 70 − 50 = 20 分钟，9 − 8 = 1 小时 → 1 小时 20 分钟。
注意：借来的是六十分钟，不是一百；分钟的结果一定小于六十。
finding a duration = cari tempoh
Duration = end time − start time. Write both 24-hour times in hours and minutes columns and subtract the minutes first; if they are not enough, borrow 1 hour as 60 minutes, then subtract the hours, which are now 1 less.
Example: Jam 1010 − Jam 0850 → 70 − 50 = 20 minutes, 9 − 8 = 1 hour → 1 hour 20 minutes.
Watch out: you borrow 60 minutes, not 100, and the minutes in the result are always under 60.
Anggaran
Encik Tan berbasikal lebih kurang 15 km dalam sejam. Berapakah anggaran masa untuk berbasikal sejauh 46 km?
按速度估计 = anggar mengikut kelajuan
参考是一小时大约骑多少公里。看要骑的路程接近参考数的几倍（找最接近的倍数），就大约要几个小时。估计不必很准确，只要合理。
例子：一小时约 20 km，走 81 km 接近 80 km（四个 20 km）→ 大约 4 小时。
注意：用路程除以速度的倍数，不是把路程和速度相乘或相加。
estimate from speed = anggar mengikut kelajuan
The reference is about how many kilometres are ridden in an hour. See which multiple of that distance the journey is closest to; that many hours is the estimate. It only needs to be reasonable.
Example: about 20 km an hour; 81 km is close to 80 km, four lots of 20 km → about 4 hours.
Watch out: find how many lots of the hourly distance fit; do not multiply or add the numbers.
Tukar unit
70 jam = ? hari ? jam
小时化几天几小时 = jam ke hari dan jam
用小时除以二十四：商是天，余数是小时。可以用二十四的倍数来找：二十四、四十八……找最接近又不超过的那一个。
例子：30 小时 → 1 × 24 = 24，余 6 → 1 天 6 小时。
注意：倍数不能超过题目的小时数；也不能把两位数拆开当成天和小时。
hours to days and hours = jam ke hari dan jam
Divide the hours by 24: the quotient is days and the remainder is hours. Use the multiples of 24, 24, 48 …, and pick the closest one that does not go over.
Example: 30 hours → 1 × 24 = 24, remainder 6 → 1 day 6 hours.
Watch out: the multiple must not be more than the hours given, and do not split the digits into days and hours.
Tukar unit
4 hari 6 jam = ? jam
几天几小时化小时 = hari dan jam ke jam
先把天的部分乘二十四换成小时，再加上原有的小时，两部分合起来。
例子：2 天 3 小时 → 48 + 3 = 51 小时。
注意：常见错误有两个：换完天忘了加小时，或者把天和小时的数字直接拼在一起。
days and hours to hours = hari dan jam ke jam
Multiply the days by 24 to get hours, then add the hours already given; the two parts together are the total.
Example: 2 days 3 hours → 48 + 3 = 51 hours.
Watch out: two common mistakes are forgetting to add the hours and joining the two numbers together.
Tukar unit
38 hari = ? minggu ? hari
天化几周几天 = hari ke minggu dan hari
用天数除以七：商是周，余数是天。用七的乘法表找出最接近又不超过的倍数，再用天数减去它。
例子：20 天 → 2 × 7 = 14，20 − 14 = 6 → 2 周 6 天。
注意：余下的天一定少于七；减法要算准。
days to weeks and days = hari ke minggu dan hari
Divide the days by 7: the quotient is weeks and the remainder is days. Use the 7 times table to find the closest multiple that does not go over, then subtract it.
Example: 20 days → 2 × 7 = 14, 20 − 14 = 6 → 2 weeks 6 days.
Watch out: the days left are fewer than 7; subtract carefully.
Tukar unit
6 tahun 4 bulan = ? bulan
几年几月化月 = tahun dan bulan ke bulan
年的部分乘十二换成月，再加上原有的月数，才是总月数。
例子：3 年 2 个月 → 36 + 2 = 38 个月。
注意：一年是十二个月；换完年以后还要加月，也不要把两个数字拼在一起。
years and months to months = tahun dan bulan ke bulan
Multiply the years by 12 to get months, then add the months already given for the total.
Example: 3 years 2 months → 36 + 2 = 38 months.
Watch out: a year is 12 months; add the months after changing the years, and do not just join the two numbers.
Tukar unit
3 abad 4 dekad = ? tahun
世纪和年代化年 = abad dan dekad ke tahun
一个世纪（abad）是一百年，一个年代（dekad）是十年。先把世纪乘一百，再把年代乘十，两个结果相加，就是总年数。
例子：2 abad 5 dekad → 200 + 50 = 250 年。
注意：dekad 是十年，不是一年；不能把两个数字直接拼在一起。
centuries and decades to years = abad dan dekad ke tahun
One century (abad) is 100 years and one decade (dekad) is 10 years. Multiply the centuries by 100 and the decades by 10, then add the two results for the total years.
Example: 2 abad 5 dekad → 200 + 50 = 250 years.
Watch out: a decade is 10 years, not 1 year; do not just join the two numbers.
Tambah masa
3 hari 19 jam + 2 hari 8 jam = ?
天和小时相加 = tambah hari dan jam
天对天、小时对小时相加。先加小时，满二十四就换出一天，小时栏留下余下的部分；再加天，并加上换来的一天。
例子：1 天 20 小时 + 5 小时 → 1 天 25 小时 → 2 天 1 小时。
注意：小时满二十四才进位；进位后小时栏要小于二十四。
adding days and hours = tambah hari dan jam
Add days to days and hours to hours. Add the hours first; if they reach 24, change 24 hours into a day and keep the rest. Then add the days, including the day carried over.
Example: 1 day 20 hours + 5 hours → 1 day 25 hours → 2 days 1 hour.
Watch out: hours regroup at 24, and afterwards the hours column must be below 24.
Tolak masa
5 minggu − 2 minggu 4 hari = ?
整周减几周几天 = tolak dari minggu penuh
被减数只有周，天那一栏是零，不够减，要先借一周换成七天，周数少一；然后天减天、周减周。
例子：3 周 − 1 周 2 天 → 2 周 7 天 − 1 周 2 天 → 1 周 5 天。
注意：借了一周以后，周那一栏一定要减少一。
whole weeks minus weeks and days = tolak dari minggu penuh
The first number has only weeks, so its days column is 0 and cannot be subtracted from. Borrow 1 week as 7 days and take 1 from the weeks; then subtract days from days and weeks from weeks.
Example: 3 weeks − 1 week 2 days → 2 weeks 7 days − 1 week 2 days → 1 week 5 days.
Watch out: after borrowing a week, the weeks column must go down by 1.
Darab masa
4 × 3 tahun 5 bulan = ?
年月乘数 = darab tahun dan bulan
用乘数乘月，再乘年。月的积满十二就换成一年，加到年那一栏，月栏只留下不满十二的月数。
例子：2 × 1 年 7 个月 → 2 年 14 个月 → 3 年 2 个月。
注意：换出来的年要加上去，不能只把月栏改小。
multiplying years and months = darab tahun dan bulan
Multiply the months and then the years. If the months reach 12, change 12 months into a year, add it to the years and keep only the months under 12.
Example: 2 × 1 year 7 months → 2 years 14 months → 3 years 2 months.
Watch out: add the year you made; do not just make the months smaller.
Bahagi masa
9 hari 6 jam ÷ 6 = ?
天和小时除法 = bahagi hari dan jam
先除天，商写在天那一栏；除不完余下的天，换成小时（每天二十四），加上原有的小时，再除以除数。
例子：5 天 ÷ 4 → 1 天余 1 天 → 24 小时 ÷ 4 = 6 小时 → 1 天 6 小时。
注意：只把原来的小时拿去除，会漏掉余下的天。
dividing days and hours = bahagi hari dan jam
Divide the days first and write the quotient in the days column. Change the leftover days into hours (24 each), add the hours already there and divide again.
Example: 5 days ÷ 4 → 1 day remainder 1 day → 24 hours ÷ 4 = 6 hours → 1 day 6 hours.
Watch out: dividing only the hours that were given leaves out the leftover days.
Ringkasan