Unit 1
Sistem 12 Jam dan 24 Jam
Bas ekspres dari Kota Kinabalu ke Sandakan bertolak pada 2:35 petang.
Pada tiket tertulis 1435
Adakah kedua-duanya waktu yang sama?
12 小时制与 24 小时制 = sistem 12 jam dan 24 jam
同一个时刻有两种写法。12 小时制用 1 到 12 点，还要写明是早上、下午还是晚上（a.m. 或 p.m.），时和分之间用冒号分开。24 小时制用四个数字，从 0000 到 2359，不用写早上下午，前面写 Jam。车票、机票和时刻表常用 24 小时制。
例子：下午 2:35 = Jam 1435。
注意：24 小时制一定写四个数字。
the 12-hour and 24-hour systems = sistem 12 jam dan 24 jam
The same moment can be written two ways. The 12-hour system uses 1 to 12 o'clock and must say the part of the day (a.m. or p.m.), with a colon between hours and minutes. The 24-hour system uses four digits from 0000 to 2359, needs no part of the day, and is written after the word Jam. Tickets and timetables often use it.
Example: 2:35 p.m. = Jam 1435.
Watch out: the 24-hour system always has four digits.
Dua sistem
Tulis dan sebut
2:35 p.m. = Jam 1435
Sistem 12 jam
2:35 p.m.
pukul dua tiga puluh lima minit petang
pukul dua tiga puluh lima minit petang
Sistem 24 jam
Jam 1435
jam empat belas tiga puluh lima
jam empat belas tiga puluh lima
两种写法与读法 = tulis dan sebut
12 小时制写成 2:35 p.m.：冒号前面是小时，冒号后面是分钟，最后要写 p.m. 或 petang，说明是下午。24 小时制写成 Jam 1435：前两个数字是小时，后两个数字是分钟，中间没有冒号，也不用说明是上午还是下午。读的时候，24 小时制先读 jam，再把小时和分钟分开读，例如读成 jam empat belas tiga puluh lima。
例子：9:20 a.m. = Jam 0920。
注意：24 小时制不写 a.m.、p.m.，也不写冒号。
two ways to write and say = tulis dan sebut
In the 12-hour system write 2:35 p.m.: hours before the colon, minutes after, then p.m. or petang; say pukul dua tiga puluh lima minit petang. In the 24-hour system write Jam 1435: the first two digits are hours and the last two are minutes, with no colon; say jam empat belas tiga puluh lima.
Example: 9:20 a.m. = Jam 0920, said jam sifar sembilan dua puluh.
Watch out: the 24-hour system has no a.m. or p.m.
Jam 0000 hingga Jam 2359
Satu hari dalam dua sistem
a.m. = waktu dari tengah malam sampai sebelum 12 tengah hari · p.m. = waktu dari 12 tengah hari sampai sebelum tengah malam
| Sistem 12 jam | Sistem 24 jam |
|---|---|
| 12:00 tengah malam | Jam 0000 |
| 12:01 a.m. | Jam 0001 |
| 6:00 a.m. | Jam 0600 |
| 11:59 a.m. | Jam 1159 |
| 12:00 tengah hari | Jam 1200 |
| 1:00 p.m. | Jam 1300 |
| 6:00 p.m. | Jam 1800 |
| 11:59 p.m. | Jam 2359 |
一天的范围 = Jam 0000 hingga Jam 2359
一天从半夜十二点开始，24 小时制写 Jam 0000，到晚上 11:59 结束，写 Jam 2359。a.m. 是半夜以后到中午以前；p.m. 是中午以后到半夜以前。中午十二点写 12:00 tengah hari，就是 Jam 1200；半夜十二点写 12:00 tengah malam，就是 Jam 0000。
例子：下午 1 点 = Jam 1300。
注意：没有 Jam 2400 的写法，半夜是 Jam 0000。
the range of a day = Jam 0000 hingga Jam 2359
A day starts at midnight, Jam 0000, and ends at 11:59 p.m., Jam 2359. a.m. is after midnight until before noon; p.m. is after noon until before midnight. Noon is 12:00 tengah hari = Jam 1200, and midnight is 12:00 tengah malam = Jam 0000.
Example: 1 p.m. = Jam 1300.
Watch out: midnight is written Jam 0000.
12 jam → 24 jam (a.m.)
Tulis dua digit jam
7:52 a.m. dan 12:25 a.m.
7:52 a.m.
→ Jam 0752
12:25 a.m.
→ Jam 0025
Jam ditulis dengan 2 digit. Minit kekal.
上午的转换 = tukar waktu a.m.
上午的时间，小时写成两位数，分钟不变，前面写 Jam：7:52 a.m. 的小时 7 要写成 07，所以是 Jam 0752。半夜十二点多（12:xx a.m.）还没到一点，小时要写 00：12:25 a.m. = Jam 0025。
例子：5:08 a.m. = Jam 0508。
注意：不要写成 Jam 752，一定是四位数。
changing a.m. times = tukar waktu a.m.
For morning times write the hour with two digits, keep the minutes and put Jam in front: 7:52 a.m. becomes Jam 0752. Just after midnight (12:xx a.m.) the hour is 00: 12:25 a.m. = Jam 0025.
Example: 5:08 a.m. = Jam 0508.
Watch out: never write Jam 752; it must have four digits.
12 jam → 24 jam (p.m.)
Tambah 12 kepada digit jam
9:36 p.m.
下午晚上的转换 = tambah 12
下午一点到晚上 11:59 的时间，小时要加 12，分钟不变：9:36 p.m. 的小时 9 加 12 得 21，所以是 Jam 2136。因为一天的前十二个小时已经过去了，所以要加十二。
例子：4:25 p.m. = Jam 1625。
注意：中午 12 点多（12:xx p.m.）不用加 12，例如 12:27 p.m. = Jam 1227。
p.m. times = tambah 12
From 1 p.m. to 11:59 p.m., add 12 to the hour and keep the minutes: 9 + 12 = 21, so 9:36 p.m. = Jam 2136, because the first twelve hours of the day have already passed.
Example: 4:25 p.m. = Jam 1625.
Watch out: do not add 12 for 12:xx p.m.; 12:27 p.m. = Jam 1227.
24 jam → 12 jam
Jam 0001–1159 a.m. · Jam 1200–1259 p.m. · Jam 1300 ke atas: tolak 12
Jam 0918 · Jam 1227 · Jam 1753
Jam 0918 · Jam 1227
9:18 a.m.
12:27 p.m.
12:27 p.m.
Jam 1753
| jam | minit | |
| 17 | 53 | |
| − | 12 | 00 |
| 5 | 53 |
5:53 p.m.
24 小时制化 12 小时制 = tukar ke sistem 12 jam
要分三种情况来看。第一，从 Jam 0001 到 1159 是上午：去掉小时前面的零，加上冒号，再写 a.m.，所以早上九点十八分就是这样得来的。第二，从 Jam 1200 到 1259 是中午：小时保持十二不变，写 p.m.。第三，从 Jam 1300 开始是下午和晚上：小时减去十二，再写 p.m.，十七减十二得五，就是下午五点多。
例子：Jam 2040 = 8:40 p.m.。
注意：小时前面的零不用写出来。
24-hour to 12-hour = tukar ke sistem 12 jam
There are three cases. Jam 0001 to 1159 is morning: add the colon and write a.m., so Jam 0918 = 9:18 a.m. Jam 1200 to 1259 is around noon: keep the hour and write p.m., so Jam 1227 = 12:27 p.m. From Jam 1300, subtract 12 and write p.m.: 17 − 12 = 5, so Jam 1753 = 5:53 p.m.
Example: Jam 2040 = 8:40 p.m.
Watch out: drop the leading 0, so Jam 0918 is 9:18 a.m.
Semak cepat
4:08 p.m. dalam sistem 24 jam ialah …
下午加 12 = p.m. tambah 12
题目给的是 12 小时制的下午时间，要改写成 24 小时制。方法：看到 p.m.，而且小时不是 12，就把小时加上十二，分钟照抄，补成四个数字，前面写 Jam。先算小时，再检查是不是四位数。
例子：3:30 p.m. → 3 加 12 得 15 → Jam 1530。
注意：只在小时前面补零、忘了加 12，下午就会变成凌晨。
add 12 for p.m. = p.m. tambah 12
The question gives an afternoon time in the 12-hour system. For a p.m. time whose hour is not 12, add 12 to the hour, copy the minutes, make four digits and write Jam in front. Work out the hour first, then check that there are four digits.
Example: 3:30 p.m. → 3 + 12 = 15 → Jam 1530.
Watch out: padding the hour with a zero instead of adding 12 turns the afternoon into early morning.
Selepas tengah malam
Jam 0034 dalam sistem 12 jam ialah …
午夜后的时间 = selepas tengah malam
题目中 24 小时制的前两位是 00，表示刚过半夜、还没到凌晨一点。12 小时制没有“0 点”，这一段时间的小时要叫作 12，分钟照抄，再写上表示“半夜到中午”的 a.m.。
例子：Jam 0015 → 12:15 a.m.。
注意：12 小时制的小时只会是 1 到 12，时段要按半夜到中午或中午到半夜来决定。
after midnight = selepas tengah malam
The first two digits 00 mean the time is just after midnight and before 1 o'clock. The 12-hour system has no hour 0, so this hour is called 12; copy the minutes and add the label for the part of the day from midnight to noon, a.m.
Example: Jam 0015 → 12:15 a.m.
Watch out: 12-hour times only use the hours 1 to 12, and the part of the day decides a.m. or p.m.
Tolak 12
Jam 2215 dalam sistem 12 jam ialah …
减 12 = tolak 12
题目的时间在 Jam 1300 以后，属于下午或晚上。方法：把前两位的小时减去十二，分钟照抄，写成“时:分”，最后加上 p.m.。做完可以反过来检查：把得到的小时加回十二，应该回到原来的两位数。
例子：Jam 1905 → 19 − 12 = 7 → 7:05 p.m.。
注意：小时是两位数，要整个两位数减 12，不能只看个位数字。
subtract 12 = tolak 12
The time is after Jam 1300, so it is afternoon or night. Subtract 12 from the two-digit hour, copy the minutes, write hour:minutes and add p.m. To check, add 12 back to your hour; you should get the first two digits of the 24-hour time back.
Example: Jam 1905 → 19 − 12 = 7 → 7:05 p.m.
Watch out: subtract 12 from the whole two-digit hour, not just from its last digit.
Tulisan yang betul
Pasukan bomba menerima panggilan pada 12:35 a.m. Dalam laporan, waktu ini ditulis dalam sistem 24 jam sebagai …
正确的写法 = tulisan yang betul
这题问的是哪一种写法符合 24 小时制。先判断时段：a.m. 是半夜到中午，半夜十二点多的小时要写成 00；再检查格式：前面写 Jam，一定是四个数字，小时两位、分钟两位，中间没有冒号。
例子：3:08 a.m. → 小时 03、分钟 08 → Jam 0308。
注意：12 小时制里的“12”不一定就是 24 小时制的 12，要先看是 a.m. 还是 p.m.。
the correct form = tulisan yang betul
Choose the correct 24-hour form. First decide the part of the day: a.m. runs from midnight to noon, and just after midnight the hour is written 00. Then check the form: it starts with Jam and has exactly four digits, two for the hour and two for the minutes, with no colon.
Example: 3:08 a.m. → hour 03, minutes 08 → Jam 0308.
Watch out: a 12 in the 12-hour system is not always 12 in the 24-hour system; check a.m. or p.m. first.
Garis masa
Lengkapkan garis masa. Apakah waktu yang hilang?
| 10:50 a.m. | 11:50 a.m. | 12:50 p.m. | 1:50 p.m. |
|---|---|---|---|
| Jam 1050 | Jam 1150 | ? | Jam 1350 |
完成时间线 = lengkapkan garis masa
时间线上面是 12 小时制，下面是 24 小时制，每一格相隔一小时。找出问号上面那个时间，判断它是中午还是半夜，再用学过的规则改写。也可以看左右两边：24 小时制的数字每格增加 100，一格一格往后数。
例子：11:05 a.m.、12:05 p.m.、1:05 p.m. 对应 Jam 1105、Jam 1205、Jam 1305。
注意：中午十二点多的小时保持 12，不加也不减。
complete the time line = lengkapkan garis masa
The top row is the 12-hour system and the bottom row is the 24-hour system, one hour apart. Look at the time above the question mark, decide whether it is around noon or around midnight, and use the rule. You can also check the neighbours: each step adds 100 in the 24-hour row.
Example: 11:05 a.m., 12:05 p.m. and 1:05 p.m. are Jam 1105, Jam 1205 and Jam 1305.
Watch out: around noon the hour stays 12; nothing is added or taken away.
Ringkasan
Syabas!
2:35 p.m. = Jam 1435
Sistem 24 jam ditulis dengan empat digit. Tambah atau tolak 12 bagi waktu p.m.
Latihan tambahan →