Darab Wang

分解法 = cerakin 把三千四百五十令吉分成三千和四百五十两部分，分别乘六：六乘三千得一万八千，六乘四百五十得两千七百。再把两个积加起来，一共两万零七百令吉。 例子：4 × RM2 150 = 4 × RM2 000 + 4 × RM150 = RM8 000 + RM600 = RM8 600。 注意：两个部分都要乘，不能只乘一个。

break it up = cerakin Split RM3 450 into RM3 000 and RM450 and multiply each by 6: 6 × RM3 000 = RM18 000 and 6 × RM450 = RM2 700. Add them to get RM20 700. Example: 4 × RM2 150 = 4 × RM2 000 + 4 × RM150 = RM8 000 + RM600 = RM8 600. Watch out: multiply both parts, not just one.

竖式乘法 = bentuk lazim 从个位乘起：六乘零得零；六乘五得三十，写零进三；六乘四得二十四，加三得二十七，写七进二；六乘三得十八，加二得二十。答案两万零七百令吉，和分解法一样。 例子：5 × RM1 260 = RM6 300。 注意：进位的数要在下一位的积算完以后再加。

column multiplication = bentuk lazim Start from the ones: 6 × 0 = 0; 6 × 5 = 30, write 0 carry 3; 6 × 4 = 24, + 3 = 27, write 7 carry 2; 6 × 3 = 18, + 2 = 20. The answer is RM20 700, the same as with Cara 1. Example: 5 × RM1 260 = RM6 300. Watch out: add the carried digit after multiplying the next place.

乘两位数 = darab dua digit 大礼堂要二十七套。先用个位七去乘，得两万四千一百五十；再用十位的二十去乘，得六万九千，写在第二行，最右边要留一个零。两行相加，得九万三千一百五十令吉。 例子：12 × RM1 500 = RM15 000 + RM3 000 = RM18 000。 注意：第二行是乘二十，不是乘二，末尾的零不能漏。

multiplying by two digits = darab dua digit The big hall needs 27 sets. First multiply by the 7 in the ones: RM24 150. Then multiply by the 20 in the tens: RM69 000, written on the second row ending in 0. Add the rows: RM93 150. Example: 12 × RM1 500 = RM15 000 + RM3 000 = RM18 000. Watch out: the second row is × 20, not × 2, so do not drop the zero.

格子乘法 = kaedah kekisi 把三千四百五十的四个数字写在格子上方，把二十七的两个数字从上到下写在右边。每一格写上面那个数字乘右边那个数字的积：十位写在斜线左上，个位写在斜线右下，例如五乘七得三十五，就写三和五。全部填好后，从右下角开始，沿着每一条斜的通道把数字加起来，满十就进到左边的通道。从左上读到右下，得到九万三千一百五十令吉。 例子：23 × RM12：格子里 1×2=02、2×2=04、1×3=03、2×3=06，沿斜线相加得 276，所以是 RM276。 注意：积只有一位数时，十位要写零，例如二乘零写成零零。

lattice method = kaedah kekisi Write the digits of 3450 across the top and the digits of 27 down the right side. In each box write the product of its top digit and side digit, tens above the diagonal and ones below it; for example 5 × 7 = 35 is written as 3 and 5. Then, starting from the bottom right, add the digits along each diagonal strip and carry into the next strip on the left. Read the answer around the edge: RM93 150. Example: 23 × RM12: the boxes hold 02, 04, 03 and 06; adding along the diagonals gives 276, so RM276. Watch out: when a product has one digit, write a 0 in the tens, e.g. 2 × 0 is written 00.

乘十 = darab sepuluh 乘十的时候，每个数字都往左移一位，看起来就像小数点往右移了一格。六千一百八十四点七零变成六万一千八百四十七点零，也就是六万一千八百四十七令吉。 例子：10 × RM325.40 = RM3 254。 注意：只移一格；乘一百才移两格。

multiplying by 10 = darab sepuluh When multiplying by 10, every digit moves one place to the left, which looks like the decimal point moving one place right: 6184.70 becomes 61847.0, which is RM61 847. Example: 10 × RM325.40 = RM3 254. Watch out: move only one place; × 100 moves two places.

凑整法 = cara cepat 二十九接近三十，可以先算三十个，再减去多算的一个。三十乘七百四十五令吉六十仙：先乘十得七千四百五十六，再乘三得两万两千三百六十八令吉。减去一个七百四十五令吉六十仙，得两万一千六百二十二令吉四十仙。 例子：19 × RM200 = 20 × RM200 − RM200 = RM3 800。 注意：最后只减一个，不是减二十九个。

a quick way = cara cepat 29 is close to 30, so work out 30 lots and take away the one extra. 30 × RM745.60: × 10 gives RM7 456, × 3 gives RM22 368. Take away one RM745.60 to get RM21 622.40. Example: 19 × RM200 = 20 × RM200 − RM200 = RM3 800. Watch out: take away only one lot, not 29.

小数金额乘法 = darab ringgit dan sen 带仙的金额乘一位数：可以先不看小数点，当作整数来乘，从最右边的数字乘起，每一位都要加上进位；算完后，因为原来的金额有两位小数，积也要点出两位小数。最后用估计检查：把金额取整到千令吉再乘，积应该在附近。 例子：4 × RM1 250.50 = RM5 002.00，估计 4 × RM1 000 = RM4 000，接近。 注意：零乘任何数都是零，但那一位还要加上从右边进来的数。

multiplying ringgit and sen = darab ringgit dan sen To multiply an amount with sen by a one-digit number, ignore the point at first and multiply as whole numbers from the rightmost digit, adding the carry at each place. The amount has two decimal places, so put two decimal places in the answer. Check with an estimate by rounding the amount to the nearest thousand. Example: 4 × RM1 250.50 = RM5 002.00; estimate 4 × RM1 000 = RM4 000, which is close. Watch out: zero times any number is zero, but that place still gets the carry from the right.

乘十 = darab sepuluh 一个金额乘十，每个数字都往左移一位，看起来就是小数点往右移一格，数字本身的次序不变。移好以后，仙的部分只剩一位，要在后面补一个零写成两位仙。 例子：10 × RM1 500.25 = RM15 002.50。 注意：乘十会让金额变大；如果金额没变，就是忘了移小数点。

multiplying by 10 = darab sepuluh When an amount is multiplied by 10, every digit moves one place to the left, which looks like the decimal point moving one place right; the order of the digits does not change. Afterwards only one sen digit is left, so add a zero to show two places of sen. Example: 10 × RM1 500.25 = RM15 002.50. Watch out: × 10 makes the amount bigger; if it stays the same, the point was not moved.

乘法求未知数 = anu dalam darab 七个一样的金额合起来是总数，方框就是其中一份。所以要用除法：总数除以七。可以用长除法，从最高位开始除。算好以后，用七乘方框检查，看看是否刚好等于总数。 例子：8 × RM□ = RM5 600，□ = RM5 600 ÷ 8 = RM700，检查 8 × RM700 = RM5 600。 注意：方框是一份，比总数小得多；用乘法去求会得到比总数还大的数。

unknown in multiplication = anu dalam darab Seven equal amounts make the total, so the box is one share. Use division: the total ÷ 7, by long division from the highest place. Then check by multiplying the box by 7 to see that it gives the total exactly. Example: 8 × RM□ = RM5 600, so □ = RM5 600 ÷ 8 = RM700; check 8 × RM700 = RM5 600. Watch out: the box is one share and much smaller than the total; multiplying instead gives something even bigger than the total.