Latihan tambahan

两步计算 = dua langkah 算式是“减了再加”。第一步：整数金额补上点零零，减去带仙的金额；第二步：把第一步的差加上最后的整数金额，这时后者也要补点零零。每一步都写竖式。 例子：RM5 000 − RM1 500.50 + RM800，先得 RM3 499.50，再得 RM4 299.50。 注意：第一步的差只是中间结果，最后还要加。

two steps = dua langkah The sentence subtracts and then adds. Step 1: write the whole amount with .00 and take away the amount with sen. Step 2: add the last whole amount, also written with .00, to that difference. Use columns for each step. Example: RM5 000 − RM1 500.50 + RM800; first RM3 499.50, then RM4 299.50. Watch out: the difference from step 1 is only a middle result; there is still an addition to do.

先加后减 = tambah dahulu 先把前两个金额加起来，整数金额要补点零零；再从和里减去带仙的金额。减仙的时候，七十五仙减五十仙，十仙位和一仙位要分开对好。 例子：RM2 000.75 + RM3 000 − RM1 000.50，先得 RM5 000.75，再得 RM4 000.25。 注意：三个金额全部加起来是不对的，减号后面的金额要拿走。

add first = tambah dahulu Add the first two amounts, writing .00 for the whole one, then take the amount with sen away from the sum. When subtracting the sen, keep the tens of sen and the ones of sen in their own columns. Example: RM2 000.75 + RM3 000 − RM1 000.50; first RM5 000.75, then RM4 000.25. Watch out: adding all three amounts is wrong; the amount after the minus sign is taken away.

读懂题意 = faham ayat soalan 题目用文字写：“hasil tambah”是和，“dikurangkan”是减去。所以先把前两个金额相加求和，再从和里减去最后的金额。可以先把句子改写成算式再计算。 例子：RM400 和 RM600 的和减去 RM100，写成 RM400 + RM600 − RM100 = RM900。 注意：求出和以后不要停，句子后半还要求减去一个金额。

understand the sentence = faham ayat soalan The question is in words: hasil tambah means the sum and dikurangkan means reduced by. So add the first two amounts, then subtract the last amount from the sum. Rewrite the sentence as a number sentence first. Example: the sum of RM400 and RM600 reduced by RM100 is RM400 + RM600 − RM100 = RM900. Watch out: do not stop at the sum; the sentence also asks you to take an amount away.

未知数在中间 = anu di tengah 方框在减号后面，是被拿走的数。先用小的数想：十减□加二等于八，□等于十加二减八。照同样的道理，把方框以外的两个已知金额相加，再减去等号右边的结果，就得到方框。最后代回原式检查。 例子：RM900 − □ + RM100 = RM600，□ = RM900 + RM100 − RM600 = RM400。 注意：加上的那个金额不能漏掉，否则方框会算小了。

the unknown in the middle = anu di tengah The box comes after a minus sign, so it is an amount taken away. Think small first: 10 − □ + 2 = 8 gives □ = 10 + 2 − 8. In the same way, add the two known amounts on the left and subtract the result on the right to find the box. Put it back to check. Example: RM900 − □ + RM100 = RM600, so □ = RM900 + RM100 − RM600 = RM400. Watch out: do not leave out the amount that is added, or the box comes out too small.