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带分数相加 = tambah nombor bercampur “一共”要用加法。整数和整数相加；分数部分分母不同，先换成同一个分母再加；最后看分数部分能不能约简。 例子：1又1/4 + 2又1/2 = 3 + 1/4 + 2/4 = 3又3/4 公斤。 注意：分母不能相加；分数部分算完要检查是否最简形式。

adding mixed numbers = tambah nombor bercampur 'Altogether' means add. Add the whole numbers; the fraction parts have different denominators, so change them to the same denominator before adding; finally see whether the fraction part simplifies. Example: 1 1/4 + 2 1/2 = 3 + 1/4 + 2/4 = 3 3/4 kg. Watch out: never add the denominators, and check the fraction part is in simplest form.

先求一部分 = cari satu bahagian dahulu 题目给的是女生的分数，问的是男生。方法一：先求女生人数（总数 ÷ 分母 × 分子），再用总数减去。方法二：男生占的分数是 1 减去女生的分数，再求这个分数 daripada 总数。 例子：30 人中 2/3 是女生 → 女生 20 人，男生 30 − 20 = 10 人；或 1/3 × 30 = 10。 注意：先看清楚题目问哪一组；先求出来的那组人数不一定就是题目要的。

find one part first = cari satu bahagian dahulu The fraction given is for the girls, but the question asks about the boys. Method 1: find the girls (total ÷ denominator × numerator) and subtract from the total. Method 2: the boys' fraction is 1 minus the girls' fraction; find that fraction of the total. Example: 2/3 of 30 people are girls: 20 girls, so 30 − 20 = 10 boys; or 1/3 × 30 = 10. Watch out: check which group is asked about; the first group you find may not be the answer.

小数乘法 = darab perpuluhan 几瓶一样多，求一共多少，用乘法：一瓶的量 × 瓶数。当作整数来乘，注意每一位的进位，再按原来的小数位数点小数点。用估算检查：一瓶接近两升半，几瓶大约多少？ 例子：4 瓶，每瓶 1.35 ℓ → 135 × 4 = 540 → 5.40 ℓ = 5.4 ℓ。 注意：瓶数是乘数，不是要加上去的数；进位漏了，答案就会少一。

multiplying decimals = darab perpuluhan Several equal bottles and a total means multiply: one bottle × the number of bottles. Multiply as whole numbers, watch every carry, then place the point by the decimal places. Estimate to check: one bottle is about two and a half litres. Example: 4 bottles of 1.35 ℓ: 135 × 4 = 540, so 5.40 ℓ = 5.4 ℓ. Watch out: the number of bottles is a multiplier, not a number to add, and a missed carry makes the answer too small.

先约分再化百分比 = permudahkan, kemudian tukar 先写分数：有人坐的椅子 / 全部椅子。分母四十不能直接乘成一百，先约分，再把分母变成一百；也可以乘以 100%。最后用“百分比 × 全部”检查。 例子：40 张里 22 张 → 22/40 = 11/20 = 55%；检查 55% × 40 = 22。 注意：题目问的是有人坐的部分，不是空椅子；分子也不能照抄。

simplify, then change = permudahkan, kemudian tukar Write the fraction: chairs taken / all chairs. The denominator 40 cannot be multiplied straight to 100, so simplify first, then make it 100, or multiply by 100%. Check with percentage × total. Example: 22 of 40: 22/40 = 11/20 = 55%; check 55% × 40 = 22. Watch out: the question asks about the chairs taken, not the empty ones, and do not copy the numerator.

整数减带分数 = nombor bulat tolak nombor bercampur 剪掉就是减。整数没有分数部分，先借 1 写成“几又四分之四”，再整数减整数、分数减分数。最后把剩下的加上剪掉的，检查是否等于原长。 例子：3 − 1又1/3 = 2又3/3 − 1又1/3 = 1又2/3 米。 注意：借 1 以后整数要少 1；借来的 1 要写成四分之四加到分数部分。

a whole number minus a mixed number = nombor bulat tolak nombor bercampur Cutting off means subtract. The whole number has no fraction part, so borrow 1 and write it as quarters over quarters, then subtract wholes and fractions. Check by adding what is left to the piece cut off. Example: 3 − 1 1/3 = 2 3/3 − 1 1/3 = 1 2/3 m. Watch out: after borrowing, the whole number is 1 less, and the borrowed 1 becomes four quarters in the fraction part.

比较百分比 = banding peratus 三个人种的种子数量不一样，不能只比较发芽了几颗。要把每个人的结果写成“发芽的颗数 / 种下的颗数”，再化成百分比，才能公平比较。 例子：甲 11/20 = 55%，乙 14/25 = 56%，丙 27/50 = 54% → 乙最高。 注意：发芽的颗数最多，不一定百分比最高；分母不同时一定要先化成百分比。

compare percentages = banding peratus The three pupils planted different numbers of seeds, so comparing how many sprouted is not fair. Write each result as seeds that sprouted / seeds planted, change it into a percentage, then compare. Example: A 11/20 = 55%, B 14/25 = 56%, C 27/50 = 54%, so B is highest. Watch out: the most seeds sprouting does not always mean the highest percentage; change to percentages first.

钱的几分之几 = pecahan daripada wang 这是多步题。第一步：分别求出买书和买鞋用了多少钱（总数的几分之几，先除后乘）。第二步：把用掉的钱加起来。第三步：用总钱数减去用掉的，得到剩下的钱。最后把三部分加起来检查。 例子：RM60，花 1/3 买食物、1/4 买文具 → 20 + 15 = 35 → 剩 RM25。 注意：题目问的是“剩下”的钱，不是花掉的钱；两样东西都要算。

a fraction of money = pecahan daripada wang This is a multi-step problem. Step 1: find the money spent on books and on shoes (a fraction of the total: divide, then multiply). Step 2: add the amounts spent. Step 3: subtract from the total to find what is left. Check by adding all three parts. Example: RM60 with 1/3 on food and 1/4 on stationery: 20 + 15 = 35, so RM25 is left. Watch out: the question asks for the money left, not the money spent, and both items must be counted.

读表比较 = banding data dalam jadual 跑步比赛里，用的时间越短，跑得越快；时间越长，跑得越慢。先把表里的三个时间补 0 写成同样的小数位数来比较大小，找出最短和最长的，再用长的减去短的求相差多少秒。 例子：时间 9.6 s、10.25 s、9.85 s → 最快 9.6 s，最慢 10.25 s → 10.25 − 9.60 = 0.65 s。 注意：数字大的时间反而是跑得慢；比较小数时要对齐数位，不能只看位数多少。

compare data in a table = banding data dalam jadual In a race, the shortest time is the fastest and the longest time is the slowest. Write the three times with the same number of decimal places to compare them, find the shortest and the longest, then subtract to find the difference in seconds. Example: times 9.6 s, 10.25 s and 9.85 s: fastest 9.6 s, slowest 10.25 s, so 10.25 − 9.60 = 0.65 s. Watch out: a bigger time means slower, and compare decimals by place value, not by how many digits they have.