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约简 = permudahkan 分母一样，把分子相减，分母照抄。减完以后，找分子和分母最大的公因数，同时除掉，就得到最简形式。 例子：13/15 − 3/15 = 10/15 = 2/3。 注意：只除分子或只除分母，分数的大小就改变了。

simplify = permudahkan The denominators match, so subtract the numerators and copy the denominator. Then divide the numerator and the denominator by their biggest common factor to reach the simplest form. Example: 13/15 − 3/15 = 10/15 = 2/3. Watch out: dividing only the top or only the bottom changes the size of the fraction.

从 1 减 = tolak daripada 1 整数 1 要先写成分母相同的分数（分子等于分母），再把分子相减。也可以在数线上从 1 往回数几格。 例子：1 − 1/6 = 6/6 − 1/6 = 5/6。 注意：把 1 写成分数时，分子和分母都要等于另一个分数的分母；这是减法，不要把分子加起来。

subtract from 1 = tolak daripada 1 First write 1 as a fraction with the same denominator (numerator equal to denominator), then subtract the numerators. You can also count back steps from 1 on a number line. Example: 1 − 1/6 = 6/6 − 1/6 = 5/6. Watch out: when you write 1 as a fraction, both its numerator and denominator equal the other denominator, and this is subtraction, so do not add the numerators.

整数减带分数 = nombor bulat tolak nombor bercampur 方法一：从整数借 1，写成“几又十分之十”，整数减整数、分数减分数。方法二：两个数都换成十分之几的假分数，分子相减，再化回带分数。 例子：4 − 2又1/10 = 3又10/10 − 2又1/10 = 1又9/10。 注意：借 1 以后，整数部分已经少了 1，不要再用原来的整数去减。

whole number minus a mixed number = nombor bulat tolak nombor bercampur Method 1: borrow 1 and write it as ten tenths, then subtract wholes and fractions. Method 2: change both numbers into tenths, subtract the numerators and change back to a mixed number. Example: 4 − 2 1/10 = 3 10/10 − 2 1/10 = 1 9/10. Watch out: after borrowing, the whole number is already 1 less; do not use the old whole number.

异分母相减 = tolak penyebut berbeza 分母不同，要先找公分母：把两个分母的倍数列出来，最先相同的就是 GSTK。把两个分数都换成这个分母，再把分子相减，最后检查是否最简。 例子：2/3 − 1/4 = 8/12 − 3/12 = 5/12。 注意：分子减分子、分母减分母是错的；换分母时分子也要乘同一个数。

different denominators = tolak penyebut berbeza The denominators differ, so list their multiples and take the first shared one, the GSTK. Change both fractions to it, subtract the numerators and check for simplest form. Example: 2/3 − 1/4 = 8/12 − 3/12 = 5/12. Watch out: subtracting tops and bottoms separately is wrong, and multiply the numerator whenever you change the denominator.

应用题借位 = masalah dengan pinjam “用掉以后还剩多少”是减法：原来的长度减去用掉的长度。分母相同，但前面的分数部分比较小，要从整数借 1 再减，最后约简并写上单位。 例子：3又1/4 米 − 1又3/4 米 = 2又5/4 − 1又3/4 = 1又2/4 = 1又1/2 米。 注意：借 1 以后整数部分要少 1，借来的 1 要写成九分之九加到分数部分。

a word problem with borrowing = masalah dengan pinjam 'How much is left after using some' is subtraction: the starting length minus the length used. The denominators match, but the first fraction part is smaller, so borrow 1, subtract, simplify and write the unit. Example: 3 1/4 m − 1 3/4 m = 2 5/4 − 1 3/4 = 1 2/4 = 1 1/2 m. Watch out: after borrowing, the whole number is 1 less, and the borrowed 1 becomes nine ninths added to the fraction part.

整数连减 = tolak berturut-turut 连减要从左到右，一次减一个数。第一步从整数借 1，减去排在前面的带分数；第二步两个分母不同，要先换成同一个分母，分数不够减时再借 1。 例子：6 − 1又1/2 − 1又1/4 = 4又1/2 − 1又1/4 = 4又2/4 − 1又1/4 = 3又1/4。 注意：每一步的结果都要写下来，再做下一步，不要一次想完。

subtract twice from a whole number = tolak berturut-turut Work from left to right, one number at a time. Step 1: borrow 1 from the whole number to take away the first mixed number. Step 2: the denominators differ, so change them to the same one and borrow again if needed. Example: 6 − 1 1/2 − 1 1/4 = 4 1/2 − 1 1/4 = 4 2/4 − 1 1/4 = 3 1/4. Watch out: write down the result of each step before doing the next.

“从……减去” = kurangkan … daripada … “Kurangkan A daripada B”的意思是从 B 里减去 A，也就是 B − A，写算式时 B 在前面。分母不同要先换成同一个分母，分数部分不够减就借 1。 例子：Kurangkan 1/4 daripada 2又1/8 → 2又1/8 − 2/8 = 1又9/8 − 2/8 = 1又7/8。 注意：“kurangkan”是减法，不是加法；也不要把两个数的前后次序弄反。

take away from = kurangkan … daripada … 'Kurangkan A daripada B' means take A away from B, so write B − A with B first. Change to the same denominator if needed, and borrow 1 if the fraction part is too small. Example: Kurangkan 1/4 daripada 2 1/8: 2 1/8 − 2/8 = 1 9/8 − 2/8 = 1 7/8. Watch out: 'kurangkan' means subtract, not add, and keep the two numbers in the right order.

两数的差 = beza “Beza”是两个数相差多少，要用大数减小数。先比较哪个比较大，再找两个分母的 GSTK，把分数换成同一个分母；前面的分数部分不够减时，从整数借 1。 例子：3又1/3 与 1又1/2 的差 → 3又2/6 − 1又3/6 = 2又8/6 − 1又3/6 = 1又5/6。 注意：求差不是求和；分数部分不够减时，也不能把它们倒过来减。

the difference = beza 'Beza' means how far apart two numbers are, so subtract the smaller from the bigger. Decide which is bigger, change the fractions to the GSTK as the denominator, and borrow 1 if the first fraction part is too small. Example: the difference between 3 1/3 and 1 1/2: 3 2/6 − 1 3/6 = 2 8/6 − 1 3/6 = 1 5/6. Watch out: a difference is not a sum, and do not turn the fractions round when one is too small.

“从……里减掉” = tolakkan … daripada … “Tolakkan A daripada B”也是 B − A。被减的是整数，没有分数部分，所以先从整数借 1，写成“几又八分之八”，再把整数和分数分别相减。 例子：Tolakkan 2又1/5 daripada 5 → 4又5/5 − 2又1/5 = 2又4/5。 注意：借 1 以后整数部分要少 1，而且整数部分也要相减。

subtract from = tolakkan … daripada … 'Tolakkan A daripada B' also means B − A. The number being subtracted from is a whole number with no fraction part, so borrow 1 and write it in eighths, then subtract the wholes and the fractions. Example: Tolakkan 2 1/5 daripada 5: 4 5/5 − 2 1/5 = 2 4/5. Watch out: after borrowing, the whole number is 1 less, and the whole numbers must be subtracted too.