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同分母 = penyebut sama 两个分数的分母相同，表示每份一样大。只要把两个分子（份数）加起来，分母照抄，最后看看能不能约简。 例子：2/13 + 6/13 = 8/13。 注意：分母代表每一份的大小，加法不会改变它，所以分母不能相加，也不能相乘。

same denominator = penyebut sama The two fractions have the same denominator, so the parts are the same size. Add the numerators (the number of parts), copy the denominator, and then see whether it can be simplified. Example: 2/13 + 6/13 = 8/13. Watch out: the denominator shows the size of each part, so it is not added or multiplied.

化简 = permudahkan 先把分子相加，分母保持八；得到的假分数化成带分数；再检查分数部分能不能约简。算完以后，可以把答案换回假分数，看看是不是等于分子的和。 例子：5/8 + 7/8 = 12/8 = 1又4/8 = 1又1/2。 注意：化成带分数时，别只写出剩下的分数部分而忘了整数 1。

simplify = permudahkan Add the numerators and keep the eighths, change the improper answer into a mixed number, then check whether the fraction part simplifies. Afterwards, change your answer back into an improper fraction to check it matches the sum of the numerators. Example: 5/8 + 7/8 = 12/8 = 1 4/8 = 1 1/2. Watch out: do not write only the leftover fraction and forget the whole 1.

进位 = kumpul semula 先分别相加：整数加整数，分数加分数。如果分数的和是假分数，就把它化成带分数，把满出来的整数加到整数部分，剩下的真分数留在分数部分。 例子：1又3/4 + 1又3/4 = 2 + 6/4 = 2 + 1又2/4 = 3又1/2。 注意：带分数的分数部分不能大于或等于 1，也不要忘了把进上来的 1 加进整数。

carry into the whole = kumpul semula Add the whole numbers and the fractions separately. If the fractions make an improper fraction, change it into a mixed number and carry the whole part across; the proper fraction stays as the fraction part. Example: 1 3/4 + 1 3/4 = 2 + 6/4 = 2 + 1 2/4 = 3 1/2. Watch out: the fraction part must be less than 1, and do not forget to add the carried 1.

最小公分母 = penyebut sama yang paling kecil 先列出两个分母的倍数，找最先相同的数；也可以把两个分母相乘。把两个分数换成同一个分母再加分子，最后化成带分数。 例子：1/2 + 1/5 = 5/10 + 2/10 = 7/10。 注意：换分母时，分子也要乘同一个数；分子加分子、分母加分母的做法是错的。

common denominator = penyebut sama yang paling kecil List the multiples of both denominators and find the first shared one, or multiply the two denominators. Change both fractions, add the numerators and write the result as a mixed number. Example: 1/2 + 1/5 = 5/10 + 2/10 = 7/10. Watch out: when you change a denominator, multiply the numerator by the same number, and never add tops and bottoms separately.

应用题 = masalah “一共多重”要把三样东西的重量加起来。整数部分先加；分数部分分母不同，要先换成同一个分母再加；分数和如果满 1，要进位；最后化成最简形式并写上单位。 例子：1/2 公斤 + 1 公斤 + 1又1/4 公斤 = 2 + 2/4 + 1/4 = 2又3/4 公斤。 注意：单独的整数（例如 1 公斤）也要加进去，不要漏掉；答案要写 kg。

a word problem = masalah 'Total mass' means adding all three masses. Add the whole numbers, then change the fractions to the same denominator and add them, carry if they make 1 or more, simplify, and write the unit. Example: 1/2 kg + 1 kg + 1 1/4 kg = 2 + 2/4 + 1/4 = 2 3/4 kg. Watch out: do not leave out the item that is a whole number, and write kg.

求缺的分数 = cari pecahan hilang 加法算式里缺一个加数，要用减法求：和减去已知的加数。和是带分数，先换成假分数，让两边都是九分之几，再把分子相减。找到以后放回去加一次检查。 例子：3/7 + □ = 1又2/7 → 9/7 − 3/7 = 6/7。 注意：不要把带分数的分数部分直接拿来减，那样会漏掉整数 1。

find the missing fraction = cari pecahan hilang When one addend is missing, subtract: the sum minus the known addend. The sum is a mixed number, so change it into an improper fraction first so both are in ninths, then subtract the numerators. Put your answer back in to check. Example: 3/7 + □ = 1 2/7, so 9/7 − 3/7 = 6/7. Watch out: do not subtract using only the fraction part of the mixed number; that forgets the whole 1.