Latihan tambahan

乘 1 000 = darab dengan 1 000 一个两位数乘 1 000，就是求有这么多个“千”。在原来的数后面补上三个 0，每个数字都向左移三个数位。 例子：58 × 1 000 = 58 000。 注意：数 0 的时候最容易少写一个，写完后再对照乘数检查一次。

multiply by 1 000 = darab dengan 1 000 Multiplying a two-digit number by 1 000 means finding that many thousands. Write three zeros after the number; every digit moves three places to the left. Example: 58 × 1 000 = 58 000. Watch out: it is easy to write one zero too few, so compare with the multiplier again when you finish.

一位数乘五位数 = darab satu digit dengan lima digit 用竖式从个位开始，一位一位往左乘。每一位的积满十时，个位写下来，十位的数要加到左边一位的积里。遇到 0 时，0 乘任何数都是 0，但还要加上进上来的数。 例子：7 × 12 403 = 86 821。 注意：进位的数是在乘完以后才加，不是先加再乘。

one digit times five digits = darab satu digit dengan lima digit Use the column method, starting at the ones and moving left. When a product reaches ten or more, write the ones and add the tens to the next product on the left. A 0 times any number is 0, but the carried number must still be added. Example: 7 × 12 403 = 86 821. Watch out: add the carried number after multiplying, not before.

乘法应用题 = masalah darab 先找出题目给的资料：有几排、每排几张。每排一样多，要求一共有多少，所以用乘法：排数 × 每排的张数。用竖式算好后，再用整十数估计，看看得数合不合理。 例子：一个礼堂有 24 排，每排 35 张椅子，一共 24 × 35 = 840 张。 注意：乘十位时代表几十，那一行的个位要先写 0，否则得数会少很多。

a multiplication word problem = masalah darab Find the facts first: how many rows and how many chairs in each row. Every row is the same, and we want the total, so multiply: rows × chairs in a row. After the column method, estimate with tens to see whether the answer makes sense. Example: a hall with 24 rows of 35 chairs has 24 × 35 = 840 chairs. Watch out: the tens row stands for tens, so it must start with a 0 or the total will be much too small.

中间有 0 的三位数 = nombor tiga digit dengan sifar 被乘数的十位是 0，乘任何数都得 0，但这个 0 要占住十位，不能省略。先乘个位，再乘十位（写在第二行，个位先写 0），最后两行相加。 例子：406 × 23 → 406 × 3 = 1 218，406 × 20 = 8 120，合起来 9 338。 注意：乘十位时，要用它代表的几十去乘，不能只当一位数来乘。

a three-digit number with a zero = nombor tiga digit dengan sifar The tens digit of the number is 0; 0 times anything is 0, but it still holds the tens place and cannot be dropped. Multiply by the ones, then by the tens (second row, starting with 0), and add the two rows. Example: 406 × 23: 406 × 3 = 1 218, 406 × 20 = 8 120, together 9 338. Watch out: the tens digit stands for tens, so do not multiply by it as a single digit.

用估计判断 = semak dengan anggaran 题目已经给了估计值。合理的答案要和估计值很接近，位数也要一样。可以先看每个选项有几位数，再看它离估计值有多远，不必把准确的积算出来。 例子：29 × 3 010 ≈ 30 × 3 000 = 90 000，准确的积是 87 290，和估计值很接近，所以合理。 注意：少了一位，或者和估计值相差好几万的数，一看就知道不合理。

judge with an estimate = semak dengan anggaran The estimate is given. A reasonable answer is close to the estimate and has the same number of digits. Look at how many digits each choice has and how far it is from the estimate; there is no need to work out the exact product. Example: 29 × 3 010 ≈ 30 × 3 000 = 90 000, and the exact product 87 290 is close, so it is reasonable. Watch out: a number with a digit missing, or tens of thousands away from the estimate, is clearly unreasonable.

倒推乘 100 = cari nombor sebelum × 100 一个数乘 100 以后，末尾多了两个 0。现在只知道乘完的结果，要找原来的数，就反过来把末尾两个 0 去掉。找到后，再乘 100 检查是否等于题目的数。 例子：□ × 100 = 7 400 → □ = 74，因为 74 × 100 = 7 400。 注意：乘 100 只多了两个 0，所以只去掉两个，不能多也不能少。

work back from × 100 = cari nombor sebelum × 100 Multiplying by 100 puts two extra zeros at the end. Here we only know the result, so undo it by removing the last two zeros. Then multiply by 100 to check that you get the number in the question. Example: □ × 100 = 7 400, so □ = 74, because 74 × 100 = 7 400. Watch out: × 100 added exactly two zeros, so remove exactly two, no more and no fewer.

“1 ribu”的写法 = 1 ribu bermaksud 1 000 “× 1 ribu”就是乘 1 000，只是把 1 000 用文字写出来。先把文字换成数字，再照乘 1 000 的方法，在原来的数后面补三个 0。同样，“1 ratus”就是 100。 例子：26 × 1 ribu = 26 × 1 000 = 26 000。 注意：不要把“ribu”看漏了；看到文字的数位名称，先换成数字再算。

1 ribu means 1 000 = 1 ribu bermaksud 1 000 × 1 ribu is simply × 1 000 with the thousand written in words. Change the words to numerals first, then multiply by 1 000 by writing three zeros after the number. In the same way, 1 ratus means 100. Example: 26 × 1 ribu = 26 × 1 000 = 26 000. Watch out: do not overlook the word ribu; change place-value words into numerals before calculating.

找乘数 = cari pendarab 比较原来的数和乘出来的积：前面的数字一样，只是积的末尾多了几个 0。多了一个 0 是乘十，多了两个是乘一百，多了三个是乘一千。数一数多了几个 0，就知道方格里是哪一个数。 例子：6 × □ = 60 000，多了四个 0，所以 □ 是一万。 注意：只数积末尾“新增”的 0；原来那个数本身末尾的 0 不算。

find the multiplier = cari pendarab Compare the number with the product: the front digits are the same, and the product just has extra zeros at the end. One extra zero means times ten, two mean times a hundred and three mean times a thousand. Count the extra zeros to find the number in the box. Example: 6 × □ = 60 000 has four extra zeros, so □ is ten thousand. Watch out: count only the new zeros at the end; zeros the number already had before multiplying do not count.