Unit 19
Akal Pintar
Tabung kelas ada RMX. Selepas membayar RMY untuk lawatan, bakinya RM36 214.
Kemudian kelas membeli buku bernilai RM9 500. Berapakah baki sekarang?

把差当作一个数 = anggap beza sebagai satu nombor
我们不知道班级基金原来有多少(X),也不知道旅行花了多少(Y),只知道付款以后剩下多少,也就是 X − Y。其实不用知道 X 和 Y:X − Y 已经有值,把它当成一个数,再减去买书的钱就可以了。
例子:若 a − b = 50,那么 a − b − 20 = 50 − 20 = 30。
注意:计算要从左到右,先有 X − Y,再减去后面的数。
treat the difference as one number = anggap beza sebagai satu nombor
We do not know how much the class fund had (X) or how much the trip cost (Y); we only know what was left, which is X − Y. We do not need X or Y: X − Y already has a value, so treat it as one number and take away the cost of the books.
Example: if a − b = 50, then a − b − 20 = 50 − 20 = 30.
Watch out: work from left to right: first X − Y, then take away the next number.
Cara
Gantikan X − Y dengan nilainya
X − Y − 9 500 = 36 214 − 9 500
X − Y − 9 500 = 36 214 − 9 500
| 2 | 15 | 12 | |||
| 3 | 6 | 2 | 1 | 4 | |
| − | 9 | 5 | 0 | 0 | |
| 2 | 6 | 7 | 1 | 4 |
代入 = gantikan
把式子前面的 X − Y 换成它的值 36 214,式子就变成 36 214 − 9 500,这是一个普通的减法。千位 6 不够减 9,要向万位借,答案 26 714,也就是现在剩下 RM26 714。
例子:若 p − q = 8 000,那么 p − q − 2 700 = 5 300。
注意:只能把“X − Y”这一整块换掉,不能只换 X 或只换 Y。
substitute = gantikan
Replace X − Y at the front with its value, 36 214, so the sentence becomes 36 214 − 9 500, an ordinary subtraction. The thousands 6 is less than 9, so borrow from the ten thousands, giving 26 714: RM26 714 is left now.
Example: if p − q = 8 000, then p − q − 2 700 = 5 300.
Watch out: replace only the whole block X − Y, not X or Y on its own.
Cuba
Baki tabung selepas lawatan ialah RM36 214 (X − Y). Sebelum membeli buku, kelas menerima derma RM1 000. Berapakah X − Y + 1 000?
代入后加 = gantikan, kemudian tambah
题目中的 X − Y 就是旅行以后剩下的钱,它的值已经知道。先把 X − Y 这一整块换成这个值;再看后面的运算:收到捐款是“加”,所以用这个值加上捐款。加整千时只有千位和更高的数位会变。
例子:若 c − d = 500,那么 c − d + 100 = 500 + 100 = 600。
注意:看清楚后面是加还是减;收到钱要加,用掉钱才减。
substitute, then add = gantikan, kemudian tambah
X − Y is the money left after the trip, and its value is known. Replace the whole block X − Y with that value, then look at the next operation: receiving a donation means add.
Example: if c − d = 500, then c − d + 100 = 500 + 100 = 600.
Watch out: check whether the next step adds or subtracts; money received is added and money spent is taken away.
Ringkasan