Unit 18
Akal Pintar
23 ribu − 7 ratus = ?
Nombor ditulis dengan perkataan ribu dan ratus.
用单位写的数 = nombor dengan perkataan nilai tempat
有时候数会写成“23 ribu”“7 ratus”这样，一半是数字、一半是单位。计算以前，先把它们都换回普通的数字，再用竖式计算，就不会弄错数位。
例子：5 ribu = 5 000；12 puluh = 120。
注意：23 ribu 不是 23，而是 23 000。
numbers written with place words = nombor dengan perkataan nilai tempat
Sometimes a number is written like 23 ribu or 7 ratus, half digits and half words. Before calculating, change each one back into an ordinary number and then use a column calculation, so the places do not get mixed up.
Example: 5 ribu = 5 000; 12 puluh = 120.
Watch out: 23 ribu is not 23; it is 23 000.
Langkah 1
Tukar kepada nombor
23 ribu = 23 000 · 7 ratus = 700
23 ribu → 23 000
7 ratus → 700
换成数字 = tukar kepada nombor
ribu 表示乘 1 000，所以数字后面加三个 0；ratus 表示乘 100，加两个 0；puluh 表示乘 10，加一个 0。这样就把单位换成普通的数字了。
例子：40 ribu = 40 000；9 ratus = 900；6 puluh = 60。
注意：数字本身有几位不影响，照样在后面补 0。
change to numbers = tukar kepada nombor
ribu means times 1 000, so add three zeros; ratus means times 100, so add two zeros; puluh means times 10, so add one zero. This turns the place words into ordinary numbers.
Example: 40 ribu = 40 000; 9 ratus = 900; 6 puluh = 60.
Watch out: however many digits the number has, just add the zeros after it.
Langkah 2
Tolak seperti biasa
23 000 − 700
| 2 | 10 | ||||
| 2 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| − | 7 | 0 | 0 | ||
| 2 | 2 | 3 | 0 | 0 |
23 ribu − 7 ratus = 22 300
照常相减 = tolak seperti biasa
换成数字以后就是普通的减法：23 000 − 700。百位 0 不够减 7，要向千位借：千位 3 变 2，百位变 10，10 − 7 = 3。答案 22 300。
例子：15 ribu − 4 ratus = 15 000 − 400 = 14 600。
注意：不要算成 23 − 7 = 16。
subtract as usual = tolak seperti biasa
Once changed, it is an ordinary subtraction: 23 000 − 700. The hundreds 0 is less than 7, so borrow from the thousands: the thousands go from 3 to 2 and the hundreds become 10, and 10 − 7 = 3. The answer is 22 300.
Example: 15 ribu − 4 ratus = 15 000 − 400 = 14 600.
Watch out: do not work it out as 23 − 7 = 16.
Cuba
Sebuah ladang menuai 80 ribu biji telur. Sebanyak 36 ratus biji telur dijual kepada sebuah kedai. Berapakah telur yang tinggal?
换算再减 = tukar, kemudian tolak
题目里的数用“几 ribu”“几 ratus”来写。先把每一个换成普通的数：ribu 在后面补三个 0，ratus 补两个 0；即使数字有两位，也照样补 0。换好以后用竖式相减，不够减就借位。
例子：9 ribu − 25 ratus = 9 000 − 2 500 = 6 500。
注意：不能直接把 ribu 和 ratus 前面的数字相减，因为它们的单位不同；几十个 ratus 已经超过一千。
change, then subtract = tukar, kemudian tolak
The numbers are written with ribu and ratus. Change each into an ordinary number first: ribu adds three zeros and ratus adds two zeros, even when the digits in front have two places. Then subtract in columns, regrouping when needed.
Example: 9 ribu − 25 ratus = 9 000 − 2 500 = 6 500.
Watch out: do not subtract the digits in front of ribu and ratus directly, because the units differ, and tens of ratus are more than a thousand.
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