Latihan tambahan

退位减法 = tolak dengan kumpul semula 按数位对齐，从个位减起。上面的数字不够减时向左借 1；如果左边一位是 0，就再向更左边借，借过来的 0 会变成 9。每一位都要记得“借过的少 1”。 例子：40 602 − 5 314：个位 2 不够减 4，十位是 0，要向百位借……答案 35 288。 注意：十位是 0 时要连续借位；算完用加法验算最保险。

subtraction with regrouping = tolak dengan kumpul semula Line up the places and subtract from the ones. When the top digit is too small, borrow 1 from the left; if that place is 0, borrow from further left and the 0 becomes 9. Every place you borrow from is 1 less. Example: 40 602 − 5 314: the ones need to borrow, the tens are 0, so borrow from the hundreds, giving 35 288. Watch out: a 0 in the tens means borrowing twice, and checking by addition is the safest way.

两数各减 1 = tolak 1 daripada kedua-dua 从 100 000 这种全是 0 的数减，一路借位很容易错。可以把被减数和减数同时减 1，两数的差不变，但被减数变成全是 9，每一位都够减，不必借位。 例子：50 000 − 12 345 = 49 999 − 12 344 = 37 655。 注意：两个数都要减 1；只减一个，答案就差 1。

take 1 from both = tolak 1 daripada kedua-dua Subtracting from a number full of zeros like 100 000 needs lots of borrowing. Take 1 from both numbers instead: the difference stays the same, the first number becomes all 9s, and every column can be subtracted without borrowing. Example: 50 000 − 12 345 = 49 999 − 12 344 = 37 655. Watch out: take 1 from both numbers; changing only one makes the answer 1 out.

用加法检查 = semak dengan tambah 每个选项都给了一个答案和一句验算。要自己把答案加上减数，看是不是刚好回到被减数；选项里写的等式不一定是真的，要真的算一次。 例子：7 000 − 2 480 = 4 520，因为 4 520 + 2 480 = 7 000。 注意：验算时加的是减数，不是被减数；只要有一位加错，等式就不成立。

check with addition = semak dengan tambah Each option gives an answer and a check. Add the answer to the number taken away yourself and see whether you get back the starting number; the check written in an option may be false. Example: 7 000 − 2 480 = 4 520, because 4 520 + 2 480 = 7 000. Watch out: add the number taken away, not the starting number, and one wrong digit makes the check fail.

连减的应用 = tolak berturut-turut 仓库原来有一些箱子，早上送走一批，下午又送走一批，问还剩多少。两批都要从原来的数量里减掉，这是连减。可以先把两批加起来再一次减，也可以从左到右分两步减。 例子：10 000 个箱子，早上送走 2 000 个，下午送走 3 000 个，还剩 10 000 − 5 000 = 5 000 个。 注意：只减一批是不够的；两批都要减掉。

subtracting twice in a story = tolak berturut-turut The warehouse started with some boxes, sent some in the morning and more in the afternoon; how many are left? Both deliveries are taken away. Add them and subtract once, or subtract in two steps from left to right. Example: 10 000 boxes, 2 000 sent in the morning and 3 000 in the afternoon, leaves 10 000 − 5 000 = 5 000. Watch out: taking away only one delivery is not enough.

求要减去多少 = cari nombor yang perlu ditolak 题目问：从开头的数减去哪个数，才会得到指定的结果？要减去的数 = 开头的数 − 结果。算完以后放回去检查：开头的数减去你的答案，要等于结果。 例子：要从 1 000 减去多少才剩 600？1 000 − 600 = 400；检查 1 000 − 400 = 600。 注意：这里要用减法；把两个数加起来会得到比开头的数还大的数。

how much to take away = cari nombor yang perlu ditolak Which number, taken from the first number, leaves the given result? The number to take away = first number − result. Check by subtracting your answer from the first number. Example: how much must be taken from 1 000 to leave 600? 1 000 − 600 = 400; check 1 000 − 400 = 600. Watch out: subtract here; adding gives a number bigger than the first number.

多多少 = berapakah lebihnya “Berapakah lebihnya A berbanding B”是问 A 比 B 多多少，也就是求两个数的差：大的数 − 小的数。按数位对齐，从个位开始减，不够减就借位；算完用加法验算。 例子：甲班收集 3 250 个罐子，乙班收集 1 480 个，甲班多 3 250 − 1 480 = 1 770 个。 注意：“多多少”“少多少”都是用减法求差，不是把两个数加起来；多次借位时要小心。

how many more = berapakah lebihnya Berapakah lebihnya A berbanding B asks how many more A has than B, which is the difference: larger number − smaller number. Line up the places, subtract from the ones with regrouping, and check by adding. Example: one class collected 3 250 cans and another 1 480, so the first class collected 3 250 − 1 480 = 1 770 more. Watch out: how many more and how many fewer both mean subtract, never add, and take care with repeated borrowing.