Pada suatu malam, tentera Siam datang menyerang Melaka. Mereka melihat beribu-ribu cahaya api di sepanjang pantai lalu berasa takut. Cahaya itu ialah helah bijak Tun Perak.
Tun Perak = 敦霹雳
敦霹雳是马六甲最有名的宰相（Bendahara）之一，以智慧和忠诚闻名。这个单元学习他的身世和职位、他服务过的苏丹、他的四大角色，以及他在治理和防卫上的智慧。
例子：暹罗军夜里来攻，看见海边成千上万的火光，就害怕退兵了，这是敦霹雳的妙计。
注意：Bendahara 是职位，敦霹雳是担任这个职位的人。
Tun Perak = Tun Perak
Tun Perak was one of Melaka's most famous Bendaharas (chief ministers), known for his wisdom and loyalty. This unit covers his background and posts, the sultans he served, his four main roles, and his wisdom in government and defence.
Example: Siamese troops attacking at night saw thousands of lights along the shore and retreated in fear; it was Tun Perak's clever plan.
Watch out: Bendahara is a post; Tun Perak was the man who held it.
Kenali
Riwayat hidup Tun Perak
Tun Perak ialah anak Bendahara Seri Wak Raja Tun Perpatih Serdang. Sebelum menjadi bendahara, beliau pernah memegang jawatan:
Penghulu Klang
Penghulu Bendahari
Bendahara Paduka Raja
Contoh: Semasa menjadi Penghulu Klang, Tun Perak membawa penduduk Klang bersama keluarga mereka ke Melaka untuk menaikkan semangat juang tentera melawan Siam.
敦霹雳的身世 = riwayat hidup Tun Perak
敦霹雳是宰相 Seri Wak Raja Tun Perpatih Serdang 的儿子。成为宰相之前，他担任过巴生的首领（Penghulu Klang）和财政大臣（Penghulu Bendahari），后来成为宰相，封号 Bendahara Paduka Raja。
例子：敦霹雳担任巴生首领时，带巴生人和他们的家人一起到马六甲抵抗暹罗，士兵为保护家人而更加奋勇（menaikkan semangat juang），他因此出名。
注意：职位要按先后次序记：巴生首领 → 财政大臣 → 宰相。
Tun Perak's life = riwayat hidup Tun Perak
Tun Perak was the son of Bendahara Seri Wak Raja Tun Perpatih Serdang. Before becoming Bendahara, he served as Penghulu (headman) of Klang and as Penghulu Bendahari (treasurer), and later became Bendahara with the title Bendahara Paduka Raja.
Example: as Penghulu of Klang, Tun Perak brought the Klang people together with their families to Melaka to fight Siam, so the soldiers fought harder to protect their families (menaikkan semangat juang).
Watch out: learn the posts in order: Penghulu Klang → Penghulu Bendahari → Bendahara.
Kenali
Empat orang sultan
Tun Perak berkhidmat sebagai bendahara kepada empat orang sultan Melaka:
Sultan Muzaffar Shah
Sultan Mansur Shah
Sultan Alauddin Riayat Shah
Sultan Mahmud Shah
Contoh: Khidmatnya yang panjang menunjukkan beliau dipercayai oleh setiap sultan.
四位苏丹 = empat orang sultan
敦霹雳担任宰相期间，先后辅助了四位马六甲苏丹：苏丹穆扎法沙、苏丹曼苏尔沙、苏丹阿拉乌丁沙和苏丹马哈茂沙。服务时间这么长，证明每一位苏丹都信任他。
例子：一位老师连续在同一所学校服务很多年，表示校方很信任他。
注意：四位苏丹的次序也要记清楚。
four sultans = empat orang sultan
As Bendahara, Tun Perak served four Melaka sultans in turn: Sultan Muzaffar Shah, Sultan Mansur Shah, Sultan Alauddin Riayat Shah and Sultan Mahmud Shah. His long service shows every sultan trusted him.
Example: a teacher who serves the same school for many years is clearly trusted by it.
Watch out: learn the order of the four sultans too.
Semak kefahaman
Berapakah bilangan sultan yang pernah dikhidmati oleh Tun Perak sebagai bendahara?
数一数 = kira
回到上一屏，数一数敦霹雳辅助过的苏丹有几位。
例子：苏丹穆扎法沙是第一位。
注意：只算他当宰相时服务的苏丹。
count them = kira
Go back to the last screen and count the sultans that Tun Perak served as Bendahara, one name at a time, so you do not miss anyone or count a name twice.
Example: Sultan Muzaffar Shah was the first.
Watch out: count only those he served as Bendahara.
Fahami
Kebijaksanaan menentang Siam
Ketika Siam menyerang Melaka, Tun Perak mengarahkan tentera mengikat jamung (obor) pada pokok-pokok bakau di sepanjang pantai pada waktu malam.
Contoh: Tentera Siam menyangka tentera Melaka sangat ramai lalu berundur tanpa berperang.
the torch trick = helah jamung
When Siam attacked Melaka, Tun Perak ordered his men to tie torches (jamung) to the mangrove trees along the shore at night. From afar it looked like countless soldiers, so the Siamese thought Melaka's army was huge and retreated without fighting.
Example: the Siamese believed Melaka's army was enormous and withdrew without a battle.
Watch out: this story shows Tun Perak used wisdom, not just force.
Semak kefahaman
Mengapakah tentera Siam berundur?
找出原因 = cari sebab
暹罗军看见海边满是火光，会怎么想？他们为什么不敢打？
例子：晚上看到很多灯，你会以为那里有很多人。
注意：故事里没有提到暴风雨或礼物。
finding the reason = cari sebab
What would the Siamese think on seeing the shore full of lights, and why did they not dare to fight?
Example: seeing many lights at night, you would think many people are there.
Watch out: the story mentions no storm and no gifts.
Fahami
Peranan Tun Perak
Sebagai bendahara, Tun Perak memainkan empat peranan utama:
Ketua Pembesar
Penasihat Sultan
Ketua Diplomat
Panglima Tentera
Contoh: Sebagai ketua diplomat, Tun Perak menguruskan hubungan dengan negara lain seperti China supaya Melaka dihormati.
四大角色 = empat peranan
敦霹雳身为宰相，有四大角色：大臣之首（Ketua Pembesar），必要时代理苏丹；苏丹的顾问（Penasihat Sultan）；外交首领（Ketua Diplomat），处理与中国等国的关系；军队统帅（Panglima Tentera），带兵保卫国家、扩大马六甲的版图。
例子：作为外交首领，他处理和中国等国的关系，让马六甲受到尊重。
注意：这四个角色要能举例说明。
four main roles = empat peranan
As Bendahara, Tun Perak had four main roles: head of the ministers (Ketua Pembesar), acting for the sultan when needed; adviser to the sultan (Penasihat Sultan); chief diplomat (Ketua Diplomat), handling relations with countries like China; and army commander (Panglima Tentera), defending the country and expanding Melaka's territory.
Example: as chief diplomat, he managed relations with China and other lands so Melaka was respected.
Watch out: be ready to give an example for each role.
Padankan
Padankan tindakan Tun Perak dengan peranannya
配对角色 = padankan peranan
带兵是军队统帅；给苏丹意见是顾问；和外国来往是外交首领；领导大臣是大臣之首。一个一个配对。
例子：派使者去中国，属于外交。
注意：四个角色各配一个行动。
matching roles = padankan peranan
Leading troops is the commander; advising the sultan is the adviser; dealing with foreign countries is the diplomat; leading ministers is the head minister. Match them one by one.
Example: sending envoys to China is diplomacy.
Watch out: each role matches one action.
Fikir
Taat setia Tun Perak
Anak Tun Perak, Tun Besar, terbunuh kerana sebiji bola raga terkena destar Raja Muhammad. Tun Perak tidak membalas dendam kerana beliau taat setia kepada sultan. Beliau hanya memohon agar Raja Muhammad tidak dirajakan di Melaka.
Contoh: Raja Muhammad kemudiannya dirajakan di Pahang. Tun Perak mengutamakan keamanan Melaka daripada perasaan sendiri.
敦霹雳的忠诚 = taat setia Tun Perak
敦霹雳的儿子敦勿刹（Tun Besar）踢藤球时，球打到王子穆罕默德（Raja Muhammad）的头巾（destar），王子一怒之下杀了他。敦霹雳很伤心，却没有报复，因为他忠于苏丹，只请求不要让这位王子在马六甲做王。后来王子到彭亨为王。
例子：敦霹雳把马六甲的安宁看得比个人感情更重要。
注意：忠诚不是盲从，他也用合理的方法表达了意见。
Tun Perak's loyalty = taat setia Tun Perak
Tun Perak's son, Tun Besar, was killed after his sepak raga ball knocked off Raja Muhammad's headdress (destar). Tun Perak grieved but took no revenge, because he was loyal (taat setia) to the sultan; he only asked that Raja Muhammad not be made ruler of Melaka. The prince later became ruler of Pahang.
Example: Tun Perak put Melaka's peace above his personal feelings.
Watch out: loyalty was not blind obedience; he still voiced his view in a proper way.
Semak kefahaman
Apakah sifat Tun Perak yang ditunjukkan dalam peristiwa Tun Besar?
从事件看品格 = sifat daripada peristiwa
敦霹雳失去儿子，却没有报复，还为国家着想。想一想这表现了什么品格。
例子：一个人受了委屈，仍然遵守规矩、为大家着想。
注意：他很伤心，所以不是不关心家人。
character from the event = sifat daripada peristiwa
Tun Perak lost his son yet took no revenge and still thought of the country. Think about what quality this shows.
Example: someone who is wronged but still follows the rules and thinks of others.
Watch out: he grieved deeply, so it was not that he did not care about his family.
Cinta akan Negara
Pentadbiran negara hari ini
Seperti Tun Perak yang membantu sultan mentadbir Melaka, hari ini pentadbiran kerajaan Malaysia berpusat di Putrajaya. Pemimpin yang bijaksana dan berwibawa menjamin negara stabil.
Contoh: Kita boleh mencontohi Tun Perak dengan bijak menyelesaikan masalah dan setia kepada negara.
今天的国家行政 = pentadbiran negara hari ini
就像敦霹雳辅助苏丹治理马六甲，今天马来西亚政府的行政中心在布城（Putrajaya）。有智慧、有威望（kewibawaan）的领袖能让国家稳定。我们可以学习敦霹雳：用智慧解决问题，忠于国家。
例子：在班上遇到纠纷时，冷静想办法，而不是吵架。
注意：布城是行政中心，吉隆坡是首都。
national administration today = pentadbiran negara hari ini
Just as Tun Perak helped the sultan govern Melaka, Malaysia's government administration today is centred in Putrajaya. Wise and respected (kewibawaan) leaders keep the country stable. We can follow Tun Perak by solving problems wisely and being loyal to our country.
Example: when a dispute arises in class, calmly find a solution instead of quarrelling.
Watch out: Putrajaya is the administrative centre; Kuala Lumpur is the capital.
Fikir
Di manakah pusat pentadbiran kerajaan Malaysia hari ini?
行政中心 = pusat pentadbiran
今天联邦政府的部门大多设在一个专门建造的城市。想一想上一屏提到的名字。
例子：很多政府部门的总部在那里。
注意：巨港在印尼，是拜里米苏拉的故乡。
the administrative centre = pusat pentadbiran
Today most federal government ministries are in a city built for that purpose. Recall the name on the last screen.
Example: many government ministries have their headquarters there.
Watch out: Palembang is in Indonesia, Parameswara's homeland.
Ringkasan
Syabas!
Tun Perak, bendahara terbilang
Tun Perak berkhidmat kepada empat orang sultan, menghalau Siam dengan helah jamung, dan berperanan sebagai ketua pembesar, penasihat sultan, ketua diplomat serta panglima tentera. Beliau bijaksana dan taat setia.
