Unit 3
Sejarah Sekolah
Sekolah Kebangsaan Taman Mutiara akan menyambut ulang tahun ke-50.
Murid Tahun 4 diminta mengumpul maklumat tentang sejarah sekolah mereka.
Apakah yang perlu mereka ketahui?
sejarah sekolah = 学校历史
学校也有自己的历史：什么时候创办、名字从哪里来、有过哪些发展和成就。这个单元学习学校的地址和位置、学校历史、学校的标志和组织。
例子：珍珠花园国民学校准备庆祝 50 周年校庆，学生要搜集学校的历史资料。
注意：搜集资料时要找可靠的来源，例如学校纪念刊或请教老师。
school history = sejarah sekolah
A school has its own history too: when it was founded, where its name came from, and how it grew and what it achieved. This unit covers the school's address and location, its history, its symbols and its organisation.
Example: SK Taman Mutiara is preparing for its 50th anniversary, and pupils must collect facts about its history.
Watch out: use reliable sources, such as the school magazine or the teachers.
Kenali
Nama dan alamat sekolah
Alamat sekolah mengandungi nama sekolah, nama jalan, poskod, bandar dan negeri. Nama sekolah boleh berasal daripada nama tempat, jalan atau tokoh.
Contoh: SK Taman Mutiara, Jalan Mutiara 3, 88450 Kota Kinabalu, Sabah. Nama sekolah ini diambil daripada nama taman perumahan di situ.
学校名称和地址 = nama dan alamat sekolah
学校地址包括校名、路名、邮区编号（poskod）、城市和州属。校名可能来自地方名、路名或人物名。另外，国民学校（sekolah kebangsaan）用国语作教学媒介语（bahasa pengantar），国民型学校（sekolah jenis kebangsaan）用华文或淡米尔文。
例子：珍珠花园国民学校的名字来自学校所在的住宅区。
注意：写地址时，邮区编号写在城市名字前面。
school name and address = nama dan alamat sekolah
A school address includes the school name, street, postcode (poskod), town and state. A school's name may come from a place, a street or a person. National schools (sekolah kebangsaan) teach in Malay as the medium (bahasa pengantar), while national-type schools (sekolah jenis kebangsaan) use Chinese or Tamil.
Example: SK Taman Mutiara is named after the housing estate where it stands.
Watch out: in an address, the postcode comes before the town name.
Semak kefahaman
Apakah bahasa pengantar di sekolah kebangsaan?
教学媒介语 = bahasa pengantar
教学媒介语就是老师上课主要用的语言。国民学校用国家的国语上课，国民型学校则用华文或淡米尔文。
例子：你现在读的这门课，主要也是用国语讲解。
注意：国民型学校也会教国语，只是主要上课语言不同。
medium of instruction = bahasa pengantar
The medium of instruction is the main language teachers use in class. National schools teach in the national language, while national-type schools use Chinese or Tamil.
Example: this course you are using is also taught mainly in Malay.
Watch out: national-type schools also teach Malay; only the main teaching language differs.
Fahami
Lokasi sekolah dan mercu tanda
Mercu tanda ialah binaan atau tempat yang mudah dikenali, seperti masjid, menara jam atau bulatan. Mercu tanda membantu kita mencari lokasi sekolah.
Contoh: SK Taman Mutiara terletak berhampiran sebuah menara air berwarna biru dan bertentangan dengan balai polis.
地标 = mercu tanda
地标是很容易认出来的建筑或地方，例如清真寺、钟楼、圆环、大商场。告诉别人学校在哪里时，说出附近的地标会更容易找到。在州地图或位置图（pelan lokasi）上也可以找出学校的位置。
例子：珍珠花园国民学校靠近一座蓝色水塔，对面是警察局。
注意：地标要选附近、明显、不会常常改变的东西。
landmarks = mercu tanda
A landmark is an easily recognised building or place, such as a mosque, clock tower, roundabout or big mall. Mentioning nearby landmarks makes it easier for others to find the school. A school can also be located on a state map or site plan (pelan lokasi).
Example: SK Taman Mutiara is near a blue water tower and opposite the police station.
Watch out: choose landmarks that are nearby, easy to see and unlikely to change.
Semak kefahaman
Antara berikut, yang manakah paling sesuai dijadikan mercu tanda?
选地标 = pilih mercu tanda
好的地标要：很多人都认得、很显眼、长期留在原地。想一想哪一个选项符合这三点。
例子：大清真寺常被用来当作地标。
注意：会开走的车子、小小的树都不适合当地标。
choosing a landmark = pilih mercu tanda
A good landmark is known to many people, easy to see and stays in place for a long time. Think which option meets all three.
Example: a large mosque is often used as a landmark.
Watch out: a car that drives away or a small tree is not a suitable landmark.
Fahami
Garis masa sejarah sekolah
Sejarah sekolah boleh disusun dalam garis masa: tahun penubuhan, pertambahan bangunan, bilangan murid dan kejayaan yang dicapai.
Contoh: 1976 – sekolah dibuka dengan 120 murid · 1990 – blok dua tingkat dibina · 2018 – johan pertandingan sains peringkat negeri.
学校历史时间线 = garis masa sejarah sekolah
把学校的大事按年份排起来：哪一年创办、什么时候加建新大楼、学生人数怎样增加、得过什么奖。这样就能清楚看到学校的发展。
例子：1976 年开办时有 120 名学生，1990 年加建两层楼，2018 年获得州级科学比赛冠军。
注意：这些资料可以从学校纪念刊、旧照片或访问老校友得来。
school history timeline = garis masa sejarah sekolah
Arrange the school's key events by year: when it was founded, when new buildings were added, how pupil numbers grew and what awards it won. This shows the school's development clearly.
Example: opened in 1976 with 120 pupils, a two-storey block built in 1990, state science champion in 2018.
Watch out: these facts can come from school magazines, old photos or interviews with former pupils.
Semak kefahaman
Murid ingin tahu tahun sekolah mereka ditubuhkan. Sumber manakah paling sesuai?
可靠的资料 = sumber yang boleh dipercayai
要知道学校的创办年份，应该找正式、可信的资料。想一想：哪一个来源是学校自己记录下来的？
例子：校长室保存的旧档案也是可靠资料。
注意：靠猜或看漫画，得到的资料不可信。
reliable sources = sumber yang boleh dipercayai
To find the year the school was founded, use official, trustworthy sources. Think: which source did the school itself record?
Example: old files kept in the head teacher's office are also reliable.
Watch out: guessing or reading comics gives information you cannot trust.
Kenali
Identiti sekolah
Setiap sekolah mempunyai identiti sendiri:
- lencana sekolah
- bendera sekolah
- lagu sekolah
- cogan kata
Contoh: Lencana SK Taman Mutiara mempunyai gambar buku dan obor. Obor melambangkan ilmu yang menerangi kehidupan.
学校的标志 = identiti sekolah
每所学校都有自己的标志：校徽（lencana）、校旗（bendera）、校歌（lagu sekolah）和校训（cogan kata）。校徽上的图案和颜色都有意思，例如火炬（obor）代表知识照亮人生。唱校歌、佩戴校徽，可以培养以学校为荣的心。
例子：珍珠花园国民学校的校徽有书本和火炬。
注意：升旗、唱校歌时要站好，表示尊重。
school identity = identiti sekolah
Every school has its own symbols: a badge (lencana), a flag (bendera), a song (lagu sekolah) and a motto (cogan kata). The pictures and colours on the badge have meanings; for example, a torch (obor) stands for knowledge lighting up life. Singing the school song and wearing the badge build pride in the school.
Example: SK Taman Mutiara's badge shows a book and a torch.
Watch out: stand properly when the flag is raised and the school song is sung to show respect.
Pilih semua
Pilih semua yang merupakan identiti sekolah.
找出学校标志 = cari identiti sekolah
学校标志是代表学校、让人一看就知道是哪一所学校的象征。食堂和操场是设施，每所学校都有，不算标志。这题有几个答案。
例子：校服上的校徽就是学校标志。
注意：设施（kemudahan）和标志（identiti）不一样。
finding school symbols = cari identiti sekolah
School identity means symbols that represent the school so people know which school it is. A canteen and a field are facilities every school has, not symbols. There are several answers.
Example: the badge on the school uniform is a school symbol.
Watch out: facilities (kemudahan) are different from identity (identiti).
Fahami
Organisasi sekolah
Sekolah ditadbir oleh Guru Besar dengan bantuan tiga orang Penolong Kanan (PK):
- PK Pentadbiran · PK Hal Ehwal Murid · PK Kokurikulum
Contoh: Dalam carta organisasi, Guru Besar berada paling atas.
学校组织 = organisasi sekolah
学校由校长（Guru Besar）领导，三位副校长协助：行政副校长（Penolong Kanan Pentadbiran）负责课程和行政；学生事务副校长（Penolong Kanan Hal Ehwal Murid）负责学生纪律和福利；课外活动副校长（Penolong Kanan Kokurikulum）负责学会、制服团体和运动。组织图（carta organisasi）把这些职位清楚地排出来。
例子：在学校的组织图里，校长的名字在最上面。
注意：组织图由上往下，表示职位的高低。
school organisation = organisasi sekolah
A school is led by the head teacher (Guru Besar) with three senior assistants: the administration assistant handles curriculum and administration; the student affairs assistant handles discipline and welfare; the co-curriculum assistant handles clubs, uniformed bodies and sports. An organisation chart (carta organisasi) shows these posts clearly.
Example: the head teacher's name is at the very top of the school's organisation chart.
Watch out: the chart goes from top to bottom to show the order of posts.
Padankan
Padankan urusan dengan pentadbir yang bertanggungjawab
配对职责 = padankan tugas
先记住：学生事务看纪律和福利；课外活动看学会、制服团体、运动；行政看课程和时间表；校长领导全校。再一个个配对。
例子：运动会的筹备，由课外活动副校长负责。
注意：PK 是 Penolong Kanan（副校长）的简写。
matching duties = padankan tugas
First remember: student affairs covers discipline and welfare; co-curriculum covers clubs, uniformed bodies and sports; administration covers curriculum and timetables; the head teacher leads the whole school. Then match one by one.
Example: preparing for sports day is the co-curriculum assistant's job.
Watch out: PK is short for Penolong Kanan (senior assistant).
Cinta akan Negara
Sayangi sekolah kita
Sekolah ialah tempat kita menimba ilmu. Kita menghargai sekolah dengan menjaga kemudahannya, mematuhi peraturan dan mengharumkan nama sekolah.
Contoh: Murid Tahun 4 bergotong-royong menceriakan taman bacaan sempena ulang tahun ke-50 sekolah.
爱护学校 = sayangi sekolah
学校是我们求知的地方。爱护设施、遵守校规、努力学习、在比赛中为学校争光，都是爱学校的表现。受过好教育的国民，也会让国家更进步。
例子：四年级学生一起布置阅读角，庆祝学校 50 周年。
注意：在课桌上乱涂乱画，是不爱惜学校的行为。
loving our school = sayangi sekolah
School is where we gain knowledge. Caring for its facilities, following the rules, studying hard and bringing honour to the school in competitions all show love for it. Well-educated citizens also help the nation progress.
Example: Year 4 pupils work together to brighten the reading corner for the school's 50th anniversary.
Watch out: scribbling on desks shows a lack of care for the school.
Fikir
Perbuatan manakah dapat mengharumkan nama sekolah?
为学校争光 = harumkan nama sekolah
“为学校争光”就是做了让学校感到骄傲的事。想一想哪一个行为会让学校被称赞。
例子：学校的足球队赢得县级冠军。
注意：逃学和乱丢垃圾只会让学校丢脸。
bringing honour = harumkan nama sekolah
Bringing honour to the school means doing something it can be proud of. Think which action would earn the school praise.
Example: the school football team wins the district championship.
Watch out: skipping school and littering only shame the school.
Ringkasan
Syabas!
Sejarah sekolah saya
Kenali nama, alamat dan lokasi sekolah melalui mercu tanda, susun sejarahnya dalam garis masa, hayati identiti sekolah dan fahami organisasi yang mentadbirnya.
Kembali ke Mari Belajar Sejarah →